hadi khaniki; ali ahmadi
Abstract
Crises are an integral part of social life and their number and diversity are increasing day by day. Social media plays an important role in crisis management due to its extensive capabilities in attracting audiences and the ability to shape public opinion. The present study aimed to investigate the ...
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Crises are an integral part of social life and their number and diversity are increasing day by day. Social media plays an important role in crisis management due to its extensive capabilities in attracting audiences and the ability to shape public opinion. The present study aimed to investigate the reflection of Covid 19 on social networks by analyzing the content published in Iranian telegram channels about the prevalence of corona. For this purpose, using quantitative and qualitative methods, the messages published in this regard in the period of March 2020 to September 2020 have been analyzed. The findings show that with the decrease in the intensity of Covid-19 related content dissemination, people's sensitivity and attention to the application of restrictions during the period under review has decreased. Also based on the content analysis of telegram posts, "The situation of corona outbreaks, reopening of schools, holding entrance exams, Muharram ceremonies, economy , medical staff, government actions and scientific materials related to Covid-19 " as the main topics The attention of Iranian telegram channels was obtained during the research period.
Hamraz Tavallaee; Mina Ranjbarfard; Soheila Mehmannavazan
Abstract
Considering today's world, which is the age of information and communication, the role of social media in transmitting information and expanding all kinds of communication in people's daily and personal life cannot be ignored. Also, businesses of all sizes need social media to expand and strengthen ...
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Considering today's world, which is the age of information and communication, the role of social media in transmitting information and expanding all kinds of communication in people's daily and personal life cannot be ignored. Also, businesses of all sizes need social media to expand and strengthen their relationship with customers. The most important and main element of a social media is its content. In order to attract users, companies must produce content, and most importantly, produce content that engages the user. Research has shown that the contents created by the users themselves are more effective in arousing the emotions of other customers for participation and interaction than the contents created by the organization itself. Therefore, in order for users to have more participation, it is necessary to identify the content features that cause more engagement of the customer, followed by participation and interaction.
In previous researches, the features that a content should have in order to cause user engagement have been mentioned, but by studying all kinds of articles in this topic, the variable that has not been addressed is "emotion". Therefore, it was considered necessary to consider the role of emotion as a mediating variable. In fact, the customer's or user's emotion plays a fundamental and fundamental role in his engagement with the content, so in this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of content features on content engagement (customer engagement) with the role of emotion as a mediator in the social media platform (Instagram).
The community studied in this research was the users of an Instagram page with the topic of cosmology and astronomy in Tehran, which earns money through advertising. The target population was 795,000. Due to the fact that the number of community members (that is, the number of followers of the investigated brand's Instagram page) was more than 795 thousand people, therefore, the number of samples based on the unlimited community was determined to be 384 people (190 women and 194 men). The sampling method is based on simple random sampling. Library resources were used to define the research problem and develop hypotheses. A questionnaire was used to measure the variables of content features and emotion.Variable questions of content features that had three dimensions of originality (questions 1-5), hedonism (questions 6-9) and quality (questions 10-12) were taken from the articles of Moldovan et al., Nambisan et al. , Huong Duong et al. was obtained. The emotion variable, which has three dimensions of pleasure (questions 13-16), arousal (questions 17-18) and mastery (questions 19-23), was taken from the article by Mazaheri et al. Likes and comments were used to measure the variable of content engagement. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the measurement tool and path analysis method was used to test the hypotheses. PLS software was used for structural equation technique.
The results showed that the content features that include the three dimensions of originality, hedonism and quality have an effect on content engagement that includes likes and comments. Also, the results showed that all three dimensions of originality, hedonism and quality have an effect on emotion. The effect of the emotion variable, which includes the three dimensions of pleasure, arousal and mastery, was also confirmed on content engagement.
According to the results of this research, it can be easily seen that companies or brands need to pay attention to the social media platform that is included in the research in order to succeed in their business. In fact, organizations should be able to produce useful, entertaining and enjoyable content to engage their customers more with their brand and make them more loyal. Instagram pages should have high visual appeal, have meaningful videos and photos related to the content of the page, and the customer will find out that the content of the page is valuable and of high quality. In this research, it has been said in detail about the types of content features and their effect on customer engagement on Instagram. The limitation of this research can be mentioned that this study was conducted on the Instagram social network, therefore the content features and user engagement are specific to this platform and its results cannot be generalized to other social networks such as Twitter and Facebook.
Ghasem Zarei; گلثوم akbari arbatan
Abstract
Social media and sustainability are the main streams of marketing and business. As technology advances, sustainable marketing focuses on the use of social media, where consumers can directly interact with many other consumers and influence their beliefs and behavior. These influencers create both organic ...
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Social media and sustainability are the main streams of marketing and business. As technology advances, sustainable marketing focuses on the use of social media, where consumers can directly interact with many other consumers and influence their beliefs and behavior. These influencers create both organic and sponsored content. With the aim of providing a model for sustainable marketing based on influencers in social media in a descriptive manner, this research developed and validated a conceptual framework with the foundation data method through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The statistical community includes social media and sustainable marketing experts and social media influencers, among whom 13 people were selected and participated in this study by purposive sampling. The number of samples follows the rule of saturation. To analyze and analyze the data, the method of open, hidden and selective coding was used. The findings of the research show that concepts were identified in the form of a central category and 12 main categories and 25 sub-categories and 147 concepts or codes. Finally, a sustainable marketing paradigm model based on influencers in social media was presented. Causal conditions including (content competencies, interaction competencies and ability to influence), background conditions including (power of influencers, social companionship), intervening conditions (self-branding of influencers, limitation in content control), strategies (reorientation of marketing mix, online networking), the results were categorized as including (creating self-sustainable forces, inclusive value creation, stable identity).
content competencies,
Content competencies are expertise in the production and distribution of electronic content. An expert in the production and distribution of electronic content must be aware of the principles and rules of standards in the field of content production and distribution. In fact, the requirement to produce a quality and standard content is to fully understand the principles and standards (Khosravi Chekandak and colleagues, 1401).
- Interaction skills,
Engagement Competencies: Social media influencers have been tapped by brands as a strategic marketing communication tool to leverage their electronic word of mouth. are knowledgeable and expert, and regarding brands and products are considered more authentic and trustworthy by consumers than messages created by marketers (Kim & Kim, 2021). The subset of this dimension of causal factors is communication with audiences and participation and preservation of consumer culture. Currently, influencers are employed to create emotional relationships with customers through digital marketing (Khandual & Pradhan, 2019).
- self-sustaining forces,
Self-sustainability is the degree to which people can maintain resources without support. In essence, it refers to the ability and capacity to comply with the three principles of sustainability (economic, social, environmental) independently of the help of others (Rivera-Toapanta et al, 2022).
Green values, which include (green products, green usage culture, and green marketing, etc.), are a product of sustainable development, which mainly refers to individual attitudes and behaviors of sustainable development (Dumont et al, 2017). Mohammadian et al. (2013) believe that manufacturing companies, consumer society and governments are the three vertices of the triangle involved in buying and using green products. In fact, it is consumers who can contribute to sustainability by buying and using green products (environmentally friendly products) (Rahbar & Wahid, 2011). In fact, consumers can contribute significantly by buying products that are less harmful to the environment. to protect the environment (Ranaei Kordesholi et al, 2012) Green marketing includes a wide range of activities that are related to changes in design, production process, packaging as well as product advertising (Polonsky, 1994).
Stable identity
A stable identity is an identity that the people of a group have recognition and commitment to values. If these components are more in people, identity can be stable; Therefore, the stability of identity can be considered as the degree of penetration of stability factors (Hosni et al., 2019). In this article, values such as altruism, moderation, and ethics were introduced in the consumption of sustainable identity indicators
Self-branding.
Self-branding is a process by which people and their professions are known as brands. This process is different from seeking fame and influencing people (Karaduman, 2013). This term refers to a process in which ordinary people gain fans by sharing their interests and lifestyles on social networks. These people gain fame only because of their activity in social networks, and it causes the lack of control over the production content. Perhaps this word can be translated as informal fame in Persian language. Self-branding is a set of marketing strategies to be used on the individual. This concept also includes a kind of attitude about the products, services, values and thoughts of the individual as a salable commodity (Marwick, 2010).
- Consumer culture
Slater Dunn (1997) acknowledges that consumer culture refers to a society in which the relationship between existing culture and social resources and the relationship between lifestyles and material and symbolic resources related to it through the behavior of marketers and most effectively mass media advertising. is set And social media influencers overshadow the sustainability elements of consumer culture by promoting and promoting them. They influence consumer consumption patterns in different product categories, including services (Berne-Manero & Marzo-Navarro, 2020).
Inclusive value creation is somehow finding a common ground between sustainability goals and values and green products. Green values, which include (green products, green usage culture, and green marketing, etc.) and the product of sustainable development, which mainly refers to individual attitudes and behaviors of sustainable development (Dumont et al, 2017). Mohammadian et al. (2013) believe that manufacturing companies, consumer society and governments are the three vertices of the triangle involved in the purchase and use of green products and
Green product is a foot product It is designed with the aim of reducing the negative effects on the environment during its life cycle. The culture of green use states that there are consumers who can contribute to sustainability by buying and using green products (environmentally friendly products). Rahbar & Wahid, 2011. In fact, consumers can contribute significantly to protecting the environment by purchasing products that are less harmful to the environment (Ranaei Kordesholi et al, 2012).
Green marketing includes a wide range of activities that are related to changes in design, production process, packaging as well as product advertising (Polonsky, 1994).
alireza abdollahinejad; زهرا mohajeriamiri
Abstract
Teenagers, as a dynamic and active generation who are supposed to build the future of the country, form many of their actions and behaviors in the context of virtual social networks and beyond communication in the real life environment. As a generation that was born with technology and grew up in a society ...
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Teenagers, as a dynamic and active generation who are supposed to build the future of the country, form many of their actions and behaviors in the context of virtual social networks and beyond communication in the real life environment. As a generation that was born with technology and grew up in a society based on communication technologies and transferred an important part of their real life behavior and actions to the virtual world, they are now more than ever influenced by technology and Marshall McLuhan's words are involved in technological determinism.
In the meantime, in social life and communication based on technology, a major part of the life of the teenage generation is formed and continues in the school environment and interaction with new communication tools, possibilities and places, especially social media. Teenagers, who constitute a large population of the so-called Z generation or the electronic generation, choose and use the new social media as an important source of information and a tool for interaction and communication among their friends, along with their peers. For this generation, electronic devices, which were once a luxury for their parents, are always considered as a basic necessity to live in the modern world. They are the first generation for whom the extraordinary technological advances of the 20th century are just a normal part of life.
In recent years, the use of virtual social networks has grown significantly, especially among teenagers and high school students. However, little is known about the extent, purpose, and manner in which students use new media in Iran, and more specifically, whether these new media tools help or harm their academic achievement. .
Therefore, with the aim of studying the extent, scope and contexts of using new media platforms among Iranian teenagers, the main problem of the current research is how teenage high school students in Tehran use social media to promote educational activities and They use their lessons and communicating with peers and academic groups in doing things related to school, following up on curricular topics and the like.
In other words, this research tries to study the goals of educational use of social media by high school students in Tehran and check whether variables such as gender, the amount of time spent on social media, and the use of social networks have a significant relationship with the activity. Does it have educational and learning opportunities for students or not?
The aim of the present research is to study the impact of new media platforms on the educational process of generation Z teenage students in the first and second secondary levels of high schools in Tehran using a survey method. The data in this research was collected by using a researcher-made questionnaire and distributing it among a valid sample size of 450 students in eight girls' and boys' high schools in Tehran. The analysis of the findings shows that more than 66.9% of the male and female students participating in the research spend more than 2 hours a day on new social media for various activities from entertainment to communicating with friends and classmates. and follow up on matters related to their school and education.
Conducting various statistical tests, including K-Square and two-way variance, showed that the independent variable is the amount of students' presence in virtual social platforms in four of the total cases related to teaching and learning, including getting help from the teacher, getting rid of the stress of lessons and exams, Access to educational and educational content in the context of virtual social networks and disrupting studying due to presence in new media platforms has been effective, and the independent variable of gender has played an effective role only in the component of using social media for collaborative learning. Is.
The findings show: the variable of students' presence in virtual social platforms has a significant relationship; In other words, the more students participate in new media platforms, the more "disruption in studying" and "relief from the stress of lessons and exams" (direct relationship). Also, the presence of most of the studied students on social media does not necessarily mean more and wider access to the educational content and getting help from the teacher in this context.
Keywords:
social media. Education. learning Generation Z Youth. High school students. Tehran.
mehdi bigdeloo
Abstract
The development of new media, particularly interactive social networks, has been one of the most significant digital phenomena over the past few decades both in Iran and globally. The media, via its emphasis on user participation in social relationships, has brought about considerable changes to cultural, ...
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The development of new media, particularly interactive social networks, has been one of the most significant digital phenomena over the past few decades both in Iran and globally. The media, via its emphasis on user participation in social relationships, has brought about considerable changes to cultural, political, and economic landscapes. However, while highlighting the critical role of users in social relations, these networks may also impact social cohesion in less privileged areas, which often face stark social disparities. Among the social networks, WhatsApp is one of the most popular platforms and is widely adopted due to its interactive capabilities and lack of restrictions. Its use has also grown in Iran, especially given its high capacity for user interaction. The researcher has employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and a theoretical framework to review the impact of WhatsApp on social cohesion among less privileged areas of Tehran through a survey-based approach. Based on the data collection through the snowball method and statistical analysis using Pearson's test, it was concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of WhatsApp and both components of social cohesion (social adherence and social equality) among young users in less privileged areas of Tehran. Although the use of WhatsApp has been found to be positively associated with social equality, the impact is primarily felt with the feeling of participation. On the social cohesion component, the feeling of acceptance is heavily influenced by the use of WhatsApp, but the feeling of equality remains unchanged in less privileged areas of Tehran. Therefore, in light of this finding, it is warranted to consider the holistic and cohesive effects of this network in societal policies to effectively utilize its capabilities for enhancing the individual role-playing and to employ that potential towards reducing the cultural-social policy implementation costs. IntroductionModern media and communication platforms can be regarded as critical tools for the expression of various subcultures, ethnic groups, and less-privileged economic and societal groups. They serve to amplify their voices, increase their social awareness, and represent their demands. In Iran, mobile social networks like Telegram, WhatsApp, and Instagram have gained prominence and have had a significant impact on various populations, especially the youth.Among the social networks, WhatsApp has become increasingly popular among Iranian users due to the ease of voice communication, low internet requirements, and the ability to manage voice messages; its unfiltered nature, in particular, has garnered significant support among Iranian users. However, WhatsApp usage among less privileged areas remains understudied, especially in relation to its influence on social cohesion. This social network has allowed its users to play a significant role in the interactive space and has opened up powerful possibilities for two-way communication. However, despite the diverse roles that WhatsApp plays in different societal spheres and user functions, it is unclear whether its increased individual roles, particularly in the social, economic, and political spheres, would be effective in less privileged areas, especially in relation to the sense of social equality of young users and improving their social adherence and increasing the level of social cohesion. The present research has sought to address this issue.Research Question(s):What is the relationship between using WhatsApp and social adherence?1.1. What is the relationship between the use of WhatsApp and the feeling of social belonging?2.1. What is the relationship between the use of WhatsApp and the feeling of social acceptance?3.1. What is the relationship between using WhatsApp and adhering to the law?What is the relationship between the use of WhatsApp and the feeling of social equality?1.2. What is the relationship between using WhatsApp and feeling privileged?2.2. What is the relationship between the use of WhatsApp and the feeling of participation?3.2. What is the relationship between using WhatsApp and feeling equal? Literature ReviewStudies by Shohani and Shohani (Winter 2018) have revealed a significant correlation between social networks and the development of social trust, social cohesion, solidarity, and even political participation, via strengthening the relationships between people in those societies. Gholami and Khaiti (Fall 2013) have found a close relationship between the two variables of physical identity and social cohesion, and Imam Jumezadeh et al. (Spring 2014) have found a significant correlation between media consumption and social cohesion, and according to Farahmand et al. (Spring and Summer 2014) justice variables Social, external media, internal media and age have been able to show 22% of the changes in social cohesion. MethodologyThis study aims to examine the relationship between two variables: WhatsApp use and social cohesion. The study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology and adopts the Theory of Bernard (1999) as its theoretical framework. In order to obtain a measure of social cohesion, Bernard (1999) has outlined several dimensions such as a sense of belonging-isolation, deprivation-privilege, participating-not participating, accepting-not accepting, law-abiding-not adhering to the law. Within this research, two components of social compliance (feeling of belonging-isolation, acceptance-rejection, law-abiding-not adhering to the law) and feeling of social equality (deprivation-privilege, participation-nonparticipation, equal-unequal level) have been explored.Due to the lack of accurate statistics on young WhatsApp users in the less privileged areas of Tehran, the sampling process employed a convenience sampling method. A research questionnaire was given to 1,200 young people in Tehran's less privileged areas, and a total of 726 participants were included in the study. After the survey was distributed to the intended participants, those who agreed to participate and answered the questions, the collected data was subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson's correlation test. ResultsWith regard to the relationship between WhatsApp use and social adherence, the analysis revealed that the components of social adherence, namely the feeling of acceptance, sense of belonging, and adherence to the law, presented the highest correlations with the use of WhatsApp. In order to examine the sub-hypotheses in detail, Pearson's correlation test was also used to measure the extent of the connection between the WhatsApp usage and the three components under the social adherence variable.The table below presents the findings of the Pearson's correlation test, in which the social adherence variable was taken as the dependent variable and the WhatsApp usage variable was taken as the independent variable. The values and significance levels of each correlation coefficient are also provided. In consideration of the fact that the p-value is lower than the 0.05 significance level, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a statistically significant relationship between the usage of WhatsApp and social adherence, with 95% confidence.Symmetric Measures ValueAsymptotic Standard ErroraApproximate TbApproximate SignificanceInterval by IntervalPearson's R.263.0347.345.000cOrdinal by OrdinalSpearman Correlation.260.0387.234.000cN of Valid Cases726 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.c. Based on normal approximation.In terms of the relationship between WhatsApp use and the social equality variables, the analysis reveal that, while social participation and enjoyment present the highest levels of correlation, the feeling of equality can not be imagined. In other words, the feeling of equality cannot be inferred merely from people's WhatsApp usage.The results of the Pearson's correlation analysis shown in the table below reveal that while social participation and enjoyment present the highest levels of correlation with WhatsApp use, the feeling of equality cannot be inferred from WhatsApp usage alone. Furthermore, WhatsApp usage has a low level of correlation with the feeling of equality, indicating that the two variables cannot be deemed to have a strong connection. In light of the statistical findings presented in the table and the fact that the p-value has fallen below the 0.05 significance level, we reject the null hypothesis and concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between WhatsApp usage and feelings of social equality, with 95% confidence.Symmetric Measures ValueAsymptotic Standard ErroraApproximate TbApproximate SignificanceInterval by IntervalPearson's R.307.0318.677.000cOrdinal by OrdinalSpearman Correlation.301.0358.508.000cN of Valid Cases726 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.c. Based on normal approximation. ConclusionThe emergence and evolution of new media and especially social networks have become a phenomenon of recent years, having altered practically all aspects of modern human society, to the extent that their elimination is hardly imaginable in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, given their increased prominence. Indeed, the impact of these social networks is categorized on a spectrum of positive and negative effects, depending on the social conditions of the countries involved. However, it is vital to consider how people perceive the usage of these social networks, which is itself influenced by governmental actions, available social facilities, and other relevant factors. It is evident that people, especially the youth in our country, as the leading users of social media, have accepted the effects of various social networks as part of their everyday lives. As traditional values hold prevalence in Iranian society, social networks can have a mixed impact on its cultural fabric. While they are primarily perceived in contrast to the prevailing culture, their positive effects are often overshadowed by their negative aspects. Although widespread cultural resistance toward social media networks has often created a negative impression of their works, such a stance tends to overlook their potential capabilities, some of which remain unexplored. Among those capacities is their potential role in influencing social cohesion and solidarity, as demonstrated by the researcher.Recent economic challenges have exacerbated social inequality between different classes in Iranian society. This solidarity can act as a safeguard against potential unrest in less privileged areas, promote greater youth participation in social activities, and facilitate individual commitment and collective action, thereby forming a more cohesive society. In particular, the social fabric of the south and west areas of Tehran, which present lower levels of social and cultural facilities, as well as economic development, is vulnerable to social and economic inadequacies. This deficit of facilities constitutes a significant contributing factor to social tensions, particularly among the youth in these areas. The engagement of this population can therefore help offset the risk of social unrest.As the collected survey data indicates, the use of WhatsApp by users from less privileged areas of Tehran carries a positive and significant correlation with social adherence and social equality. However, when compared, users who employ WhatsApp extensively seem to possess a stronger social adherence compared to a higher feeling of social equality. This could be explained by the fact that WhatsApp's impact on communication may not sufficiently address the varying demands of social equality, particularly for users who reside in areas facing objective social and economic difficulties.
Masoumeh Babaei; Abolfazl Danaei; Farshad Faezi Razi
Abstract
The present study is written with a new look at the design of an applied model in the field of social media with a focus on the turning point in human resources. The research approach is to use a hybrid model and validate it in model design. The research was conducted in three phases. The meta-combined ...
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The present study is written with a new look at the design of an applied model in the field of social media with a focus on the turning point in human resources. The research approach is to use a hybrid model and validate it in model design. The research was conducted in three phases. The meta-combined approach in identifying indicators of social media evolution in human resources has led to the identification of 98 research-related studies from 1975 to 2021 and 34 indicators. In the screening phase, the researcher with the fuzzy Delphi approach and the opinions of experts considered 9 indicators necessary in designing the model of social media transformation in human resources. In this phase, the researcher has designed the research model using a structural-interpretive modeling approach. Privacy, interactive media and trust building indicators were identified as the cornerstone of the model and the most effective indicators. Indicators of digital transformation, social participation and generational communication are also included in the MICMAC analysis in the interface area. Finally, in the third phase, the researcher has identified a deep gap between the current and the desired situation using the importance-performance approach. The results of the study also identified four distinct periods in the evolution of social media in human resources.
Mohammad Hasan Sheikholeslami; Davood Rezapour
Abstract
The growth and development of communication technologies in recent years has caused social networks to become an integral part of everyday life and the use of these networks in the direction of public diplomacy and cyber diplomacy has dramatically increased. Meanwhile, Twitter, as one of the most influential ...
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The growth and development of communication technologies in recent years has caused social networks to become an integral part of everyday life and the use of these networks in the direction of public diplomacy and cyber diplomacy has dramatically increased. Meanwhile, Twitter, as one of the most influential social networks, has become an important platform for public diplomacy.This study seeks to introduce two indicators of proximity to the horizontal structure of social networks and the use of the capacity of social networks for networking to review and compare the performance of the two accounts of the Chinese Ambassador in Tehran and the account of the Persian US State Department, towards the Islamic Republic of Iran based on defined indicators and analyze data collected from the social network Twitter. The findings of this study show that the account of the Chinese ambassador in Tehran in terms of the above indicators has been more successful than the Persian account of the US State Department.
Seyed Mohammadbagher Jafari; Alireza Amirkabiri; hossein amjadi
Abstract
IntroductionNowadays, social networks are an essential part of daily life, and it's safe to say that the majority of the world's population uses at least one social media platform. With the advancement of technology and the prevalence of the Internet, social networks have become an integral tool for ...
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IntroductionNowadays, social networks are an essential part of daily life, and it's safe to say that the majority of the world's population uses at least one social media platform. With the advancement of technology and the prevalence of the Internet, social networks have become an integral tool for communication and information sharing. As more citizens turn to web 2.0 services and social media platforms, governments are increasingly considering using them as a channel for service delivery. In this research, we aim to identify the factors that impact the government's use of social media for service provision. By doing so, governments can gain a better understanding of the factors that influence their decision to enter this field and take more informed steps in this regard.Research Question(s)In this article, we aim to address two key questions: if the government intends to provide services through social media tools, which set of influential factors will be at play, and which of these factors will be driving versus prevented? Identifying these factors is critical for the government to better understand the factors that influence its decision to enter this field and take more informed steps in this regard. Literature ReviewAccording to Mergel's study in 2016, the adoption of social media in the American government requires careful consideration of two key activities: strategic alignment and routinization. Strategic alignment involves ensuring that the use of social media is in line with the government's overall objectives and priorities, while routinization involves establishing clear processes and procedures for using social media, as well as ensuring that it becomes ingrained in the daily routines of government employees and citizens alike. By taking these factors into account, governments can better ensure that the use of social media for service provision is sustainable and effective.Gregory (2016) examined the relationship between public sector social media usage and citizens' trust in e-government websites. Using a sample of 1100 citizens in Seoul, South Korea, the study found that increased use of e-government websites is negatively correlated with citizens' satisfaction and trust. On the other hand, the findings suggested that the use of social media by the government can lead to higher levels of trust and satisfaction among citizens. While the study was limited to a single city in South Korea, it provides valuable insights into the relationship between government social media usage and public trust.Wukick and Mergel (2016) investigated the repurposing of social media information in American public sector institutions. The study highlighted that government organizations often default to trusted sources of social media information rather than seeking out new sources, and that private institutions may utilize social media to communicate their messages directly to citizens. These findings indicate that the use of social media may be limiting the range of information available to the public and introducing a degree of bias into public discourse.Reddick et al.'s (2017) research studied the utilization of social media, particularly Facebook, in providing government services. The study utilized a double-loop learning theory approach to evaluate the relationship between the government and citizens. The findings showed that the government uses Facebook to modify citizens' behavior toward organizations and promote greater support. Additionally, the study found that social media is effective in monitoring citizens' needs and prioritizing them based on different categories. Overall, this study suggests that social media can be a powerful tool in delivering government services and enhancing communication between the public sector and citizens.Aizhan et al.'s (2017) study examined the utilization of social media in the e-government sector for the public health sector. The research was conducted as a systematic review, in which studies related to the topic were examined. Out of 2441 related studies, 22 were fully examined. The findings of the study suggested that transparency, accountability, public participation, and cooperation were prominent characteristics of using social media in the government service sector. The study aimed at providing insights into the potential benefits of social media for public health services and highlighting the need for further research in this area.Medaglia and Zhu (2017) investigated the use of social media by Chinese government agencies. This study analyzed data from Weibo, a Chinese social media platform, and aimed to understand the public's opinion on government social media accounts. The study used a sample of 417 users and found that there was a lack of engagement and interaction on government social media, leading to a decrease in creative ideas. Additionally, users had a lower evaluation of government social media compared to other platforms. These findings suggest that government agencies may need to reevaluate their strategies for effectively using social media for public outreach.Rodriguez et al.'s (2018) study investigated the strategies employed by different governments to utilize social media for providing services to their citizens. The research was conducted on Latin American local governments and assessed the impact of differing social media strategies on citizen participation in governmental decisions. The findings showed that the use of various social media platforms by local governments can lead to increased engagement from citizens and enhance their participation in decision-making processes.Eom et al. (2018) addressed the issue of "Can social media increase government accountability?" This study was conducted in South Korea. The results of the study showed that the mayor of Seoul plays the most important role in Twitter networks. Especially, the mayor acts as a bridge between different categories of citizens and government officials and follows up on citizens' communications. MethodologyIn order to investigate the drivers and preventers of social media usage for government service delivery in a meta-composite research framework, Sandelowski and Barroso's 7-step meta-Analysis method was utilized. This approach enabled the identification of a suitable number of articles that met the inclusion criteria. After applying the Glynn tool to evaluate the quality of the articles, 39 publications were deemed suitable for inclusion in the final review. A meta-combination method was subsequently used to determine the drivers and preventers of government social media usage for service delivery. The analysis revealed four factors - managerial, organizational, human, and infrastructural - that influenced the effectiveness of social media usage for service delivery. The final decision on the type of effect (propelling or preventive) of each of the factors was made based on a comprehensive review of the literature and an assessment of the existing limitations in the country from this perspective. ResultsIn this research, we sought to find a set of requirements that governments can identify before using social media tools to provide their services to the beneficiaries, and increase their chances of success in managing the service delivery process.As a result, the 4 factors affecting the government's use of social media for service delivery were identified - managerial, organizational, human, and infrastructural. A decision on the type of effect of each factor (propelling or preventive) was made based on the information provided in the research and the limitations that exist in the country with regard to this perspective.The management factors affecting the government's use of social media for service delivery include 4 sub-factors: transparency, enforcement, manager training, and capital budgeting. The study aimed to identify these requirements to increase the chances of success in managing the service delivery process.Managerial factors:1-Transparency sub-factor: preventive2-Executive sub-factor: preventive3-The sub-factor of Manager training: preventive4-Sub-factor of Capital budgeting: preventiveBased on the research findings, it is clear that the government needs to pay attention to the management factors, including transparency, enforcement, manager training, and capital budgeting, when using social media to deliver services. If these factors are not adequately addressed, they may serve as obstacles to the effective use of social media for service delivery. Therefore, it is recommended that the government take into consideration these factors and implement appropriate measures to maximize the benefits of social media-driven service delivery. The organizational factors affecting the government's use of social media for the purpose of providing services include 3 sub-factors of organizational policies, organizational structure and communication, and organizational processes.Organizational factors:1-Sub-factor of organizational policies: preventive2-Organizational structure and communication sub-factor: Preventive3-Sub factor of organizational processes: preventiveIt is imperative to consider the organizational factors, including organizational policies, organizational structure and communication, and organizational processes, when using social media to deliver services. Failure to pay attention to these sub-factors will act as hurdles in the effective use of social media for service delivery.The human factors affecting the government's use of social media for the purpose of providing services can be broken down into four sub-factors: user education, user resistance, usability of the social media platform, and citizens' experience.Human factors:1-User training sub-factor: preventive2-User resistance sub-factor: preventive3-Functionality sub-factor: preventive4-Citizen experience sub-factor: motivatorAfter examining the findings, it is clear that human factors must be taken into account in order for the government to effectively use social media. Specifically, the factors that affect success include: user education, resistance to changing behavior, usability of the social media platform, and citizen's experience. If these factors are not addressed, they can act as obstacles to the effective use of social media. However, the factor of citizen's experience - established and early habituation to using social media - can act as a driving force to encourage the government to adopt social media.The infrastructural factors affecting the government's use of social media for the purpose of providing services include 5 sub-factors of technical infrastructure, financial infrastructure, legal infrastructure, specialized infrastructure and cultural infrastructure.Infrastructural factors:1-Technical infrastructure sub-factor: motivator2-Sub-factor of financial infrastructure: preventive3-Legal infrastructure sub-factor: preventive4-Specialized infrastructure sub-factor: preventive5-Cultural infrastructure sub-factor: preventiveIt has been determined that infrastructural factors, including financial, legal, specialized, and cultural infrastructures, affect the government's use of social media for service delivery. Without these necessary components, the effectiveness of social media for this purpose may decrease. However, since the required technical infrastructure exists in the country and most regions, the infrastructure factor may serve as a driving force for successful implementation. Conclusion The government must be motivated to use social media to serve its beneficiaries. In order for this to happen, it is essential for the government to have the necessary will to provide its services via social media. To achieve this, it is important to identify the set of factors, including advantages (motivators) and obstacles (preventives), which will affect the government's use of social media. These factors should be used to create a positive influence on the government's performance.With the help of motivators and stimulators, governments can increase the speed of their action. By understanding the obstacles that they may face on this path, governments can either independently or through the use of available resources, reduce or eliminate these obstacles, and streamline their actions.
Arash zarei; sardar mohammadi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of social media-based marketing activities on the intention of the presence of fans with the mediating role of team identity and satisfaction (case study of Esteghlal's Instagram page).Methodology: Descriptive-correlational research ...
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of social media-based marketing activities on the intention of the presence of fans with the mediating role of team identity and satisfaction (case study of Esteghlal's Instagram page).Methodology: Descriptive-correlational research method and statistical population of the study, including all fans of Esteghlal Football Cultural and Sports Club, which 434 questionnaires were collected and analyzed online on Cafe Pardazesh website. Sevo Park's social marketing questionnaire, the intention of Aachen spectators, Oliver's satisfaction and Trail and James' team identity questionnaire were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.Results: The findings showed that social media marketing has an effect on team identity, satisfaction and intention to be present, team identity affects the satisfaction and intention of the presence of the fan and the satisfaction of the fan has an effect on the intention to attend. Team identity does not play a mediating role between social media marketing in terms of fan presence, and contentment plays a mediating role between social media marketing in terms of fan presence.Conclusion: Today, traditional customer relationship management methods are not responsive to management. For this reason, various organizations and industries have considered using attractive methods in social media to attract their audiences.
Sholeh Meraji Oskouie; mohamad soltanifar; Ali Delavar
Abstract
Social media have provided brand-new capacities for affecting users and leading them toward social action. The aim of the current research was to develop a model of factors affecting the opinion leadership of social media users in creating social action. To this end, a correlational design was adopted ...
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Social media have provided brand-new capacities for affecting users and leading them toward social action. The aim of the current research was to develop a model of factors affecting the opinion leadership of social media users in creating social action. To this end, a correlational design was adopted to describe the relationship between predictor variables of leader’s reputation and attractiveness, expertise, normativity, social status, similarity to users, official media, message characteristics, the users’ influenceability, and criterion variable of dissemination of calls for social action, and simultaneous social action on Instagram social media. A researcher-developed questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed, was filled out by 393 participants. Cronbach’s Alpha for all sub-scales, except for one, was greater than.70. The present research findings showed that opinion leadership on social media did not directly affect the simultaneous social action of users, rather, its influence was mediated by opinion leader’s “reputation and attractiveness”, “users’ influenceability”, and “dissemination of calls for social action”. Also, “message characteristics” had the greatest effect on the opinion leadership. The findings can be employed by educational and scientific centers, and institutions responsible for content production and dissemination, to create simultaneous social action through opinion leadership.
Mona Jami Pour; Seyed Mohammadbagher Jafari; reyhane assarian
Abstract
Social media as an effective tool in small and medium businesses will create a wide range of valuable opportunities and significantly reduce costs. Today, the strategy of companies to interact with customers and build relationships and cooperation with other market elements has changed with the advent ...
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Social media as an effective tool in small and medium businesses will create a wide range of valuable opportunities and significantly reduce costs. Today, the strategy of companies to interact with customers and build relationships and cooperation with other market elements has changed with the advent of social media. Is. Over the past two decades, business-related social media research has grown exponentially, but so far no comprehensive study has been conducted on the social values of social media in small and medium-sized businesses and their prioritization. Therefore, the present study, by systematically reviewing the studies in the period from 2012 to 2019, 57 articles were selected and reviewed using the meta-combined method of selected articles and the commercial values mentioned in them were coded. The identified values were then prioritized using Shannon entropy method so that the five main categories of business value including operational value, financial value, strategic value, customer value and finally knowledge / information value were ranked first to fifth, respectively. The present study is innovative both in terms of findings and methodology in the field of using social media in small and medium enterprises.
Azadeh Salemi; Hadi Khaniki; Habib Habib Sabouri KhosrowShahi; Shahnaz Hashemi
Abstract
In spite of the necessity of Media Literacy for optimal use of new communication technologies, media consumption experience may increase media literacy as well. The purpose of the present research is to propose a model for predicting internet users' media health literacy according to their Social Media ...
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In spite of the necessity of Media Literacy for optimal use of new communication technologies, media consumption experience may increase media literacy as well. The purpose of the present research is to propose a model for predicting internet users' media health literacy according to their Social Media Consumption patterns. By Media Health Literacy, we mean people’s perceived abilities to access, analyze, create and convey health messages through media. The research method is survey which was conducted in May 2019. The research tool is the questionnaire whose reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.837) and validity (face validity and construct validity) have been confirmed. The statistical population is adult citizens of Tehran who use internet. According to the Path Analysis model, "Gratifications obtained from social media use in the field of health" is the most powerful predictor of "Media Health Literacy" levels. "Frequency of Social Media Use", "years of education", "Adoption of health-related social media" and "Age" are the other independent variables which have shares in predicting Media Health Literacy's level among Social Media Users in Tehran. In conclusion, by increase in citizens' access to internet, Digital divide shifts from unequal access to new communication technologies to the quality of usage. In addition, Digital Divide remains between social groups in terms of "age" and "years of education", but "sex" does not define Social Media Users' "Media Health Literacy" levels.
Alireza Hosseini Pakdehi; mahya baharyan
Abstract
New communication technologies with the potential to create change in social communication, has become the most important element of social change in the modern age. Social media has been able to create virtual social networks consisting of different users, users with their activities networks, can legally ...
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New communication technologies with the potential to create change in social communication, has become the most important element of social change in the modern age. Social media has been able to create virtual social networks consisting of different users, users with their activities networks, can legally reproduce social action. The purpose of this study is to investigate those actions that contain socially violent themes, and therefore the purpose of about 3,000 socially violent tweets published over a period of one year, the second half of 1998 and the first half of 1999 on the network Twitter social was achieved through contact, content analysis, and the goals and motivations for republishing users' virtual social violence. The purpose of republishing their social protests is to examine 9 general themes. Users publish their social protests on topics that include violence against the constitution, the guardianship of the constitution, officials and managers of the Islamic Republic, the manner of administering justice, public media activities, religiosity, virtual actions in Virtual social networks and finally reading the position of women in society and the demands of women.
mahsa zamani; Younes Nourbakhsh; Houshang Nayebi
Abstract
The increasing use of social networks is affecting various dimensions of users' health. The purpose of this study is to provide a pattern for promoting social health through the social network Instagram. For this purpose, in the first part of the research, using a qualitative method and conducting a ...
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The increasing use of social networks is affecting various dimensions of users' health. The purpose of this study is to provide a pattern for promoting social health through the social network Instagram. For this purpose, in the first part of the research, using a qualitative method and conducting a semi-structured interview, various types of use of Instagram were classified and then in the second part, using quantitative method and distribution of questionnaires, the desired relationships were examined. Findings show that more than half of Iranian Instagram users use this network for one to three hours a day and their social health is average (3.022). There is a significant and negative relationship between the rate of use of Instagram and the indicators of social coherence, social contribution and social health. The various types of use of this network can be divided into 9 categories, the results of which show the use of Instagram for entertainment, and immersion have a negative relationship with the index of social adaptation. But using Instagram for learning, employment, and knowledge transfer has a significant and positive relationship with social health. Using Instagram for communication as well as for self-expression has a positive and significant relationship with social integration. According to the findings of this study, the promotion of some social health factors in the individual dimension can be achieved through Instagram, and this issue can be considered by users, officials and policy makers.
Azam Ravadrad; Mitra Shamsi
Abstract
This study examines the visual messages Iranian women shares on Instagram in order to perceive how they are represented on the social network. The research applies John Berger’s Ideological approach, and considers every single picture as a report on the users’ view about their personal and ...
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This study examines the visual messages Iranian women shares on Instagram in order to perceive how they are represented on the social network. The research applies John Berger’s Ideological approach, and considers every single picture as a report on the users’ view about their personal and social identity. After an introduction about the investigated users, and a general and brief evaluation of their posts, some selected pictures is analyzed based on the ideological approach. Moreover, in the conclusion, we try to connect the research findings to the existing discourses about the women’s role and position in the Iranian society. Based on the Research findings, some pictures indicate a part of female users’ resistance against social pressures to be a normative woman. In return, other pictures show that some users represent themselves consonant with the common social norms and values in their visual narrative about their everyday life, and consequently reproduce and reinforce the hegemonic values of the Patriarchal system they have grown up in.
Reza Kazemian
Abstract
The use of emoji / emoticon is increasingly popular across the world in different platforms of online communication and they are commonly used in modern text communication as well. According to analyzed data, Iranian internet users would rather use emoji than emoticon due to some reasons, namely, expressive, ...
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The use of emoji / emoticon is increasingly popular across the world in different platforms of online communication and they are commonly used in modern text communication as well. According to analyzed data, Iranian internet users would rather use emoji than emoticon due to some reasons, namely, expressive, practical and aesthetic reasons. This study is set forth to explore whether the use of emoji bears any relationship to the gender and age among Iranian internet users. The result of statistical analysis has patently revealed that women tend to use emoji (both positive and negative) more than men; correspondingly, they are considered more emotional with respect to sentiment analysis. Moreover, the result has demonstrated that women openly express their emotions and love with emoji in social media similar to real life. Concerning age, collected data display that there is an inverse relationship between the age and the frequency of emoji use. In other words, the frequency of the emoji use would be substantially declined by growing older. This study can provide a base for future research most notably those pertaining to machine learning, natural language processing and designing models for predicting online demographical information.
Sayed Javad Sharif Shaykh al-Islami; Farhad Nazarizadeh; Ahmad gaeini
Abstract
One of the most important issues for policymakers in the field of media is the future of the media. If policymakers and decision-makers in this field do not gain knowledge about the future, they can not have a preconceived notion about the issues and currents assigned to them, so they will always face ...
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One of the most important issues for policymakers in the field of media is the future of the media. If policymakers and decision-makers in this field do not gain knowledge about the future, they can not have a preconceived notion about the issues and currents assigned to them, so they will always face critical situations that make decisions at this time very costly. Be. Social media has a great impact on creating discourse and changing the lifestyle and beliefs of society. Therefore, studying the future, especially social media in the field of cyberspace is very important. In this study, we have tried to study the future trends of social networks and in this direction, using 32 sources selected from 2018 onwards, we have counted the drivers and macro trends and determined the most effective drivers using the opinion of the elites. We do. To do this, we have used two methods of expert panel of Mick Mac software and AHP method using Expert Choice software, the results of both methods show the importance of technological and economic changes. Of all the drivers, technology was identified as the most effective driver in future changes in social networks.
Hossein Kermani; Marziyeh Adham; Amirali Tafreshi
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive and reliable approach to doing social research on Persian Twitter. Twitter has been one of the most favorable social platforms in Iran for years. Despite such popularity, research on Twitter has not been grown as it is supposed to be. Therefore, we are trying to fill ...
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This paper provides a comprehensive and reliable approach to doing social research on Persian Twitter. Twitter has been one of the most favorable social platforms in Iran for years. Despite such popularity, research on Twitter has not been grown as it is supposed to be. Therefore, we are trying to fill this gap by suggesting a complete approach in this article. This approach is based on social network analysis, ethnographic content analysis, and social media critical discourse studies. Combining these methods, we are going beyond the limitations of current approaches which focus on either users or tweets. This approach provides researchers with a convenient method from the selection of gathering data strategy and time to statistical and final analysis. We suggest helpful and reliable concepts and tools to research on Twitter in each step. Moreover, we present a strategy to coding users’ demographic variables in addition to an approach to reach a close and valid reading of tweets. This approach could consist of a convenient basis for future studies.
Kobra Bakhshizadeh Borj; Reza khadem Hosseini; MAHDI BASHIRPOUR
Abstract
Today, social media is very useful among the people of Iran and it has many users in Iran.by the way Iranian people are faced with two choices of using domestic and foreign messengers. Previous researches has shown that Iranians people are using foreign media more than their domestic social messengers. ...
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Today, social media is very useful among the people of Iran and it has many users in Iran.by the way Iranian people are faced with two choices of using domestic and foreign messengers. Previous researches has shown that Iranians people are using foreign media more than their domestic social messengers. This study investigates the reason for people's lack of attention to use domestic messengers and compares it with foreign messengers in order to achieve a model for designing Iranian messengers suitable to users' tastes by comparing the differences between domestic and foreign messengers. In this research, the phenomenological approach and the ZMET method have been used to extract the users' mind maps from internal and external messengers, and in this regard, 15 students in the city of Tehran have been interviewed by ZMET. The research findings were in the three axes of the mental map of internal messengers, the mental map of external messengers and the comparison between these two maps. The two consensus maps were structurally compared and analyzed. The number of extracted structures of Iranian messengers was more than foreign messengers, which shows the concern of users towards Iranian messengers. Most of these structures had a negative nature and by analyzing these structures, it can be seen that part of the problems of Iranian media in their design and technical problems and the other part is rooted in management problems.
Ehsan Majidifard; Atiyeh Kamyabi Gol; Amin Majidifard
Abstract
Identity is defined through the comparison of oneself to the other and it is rooted in human beings' need to be different and distinguished from others. From a post-structualist viewpoint, identity is plural, dynamic and multi-dimensional and both individual and collective identities can be portrayed ...
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Identity is defined through the comparison of oneself to the other and it is rooted in human beings' need to be different and distinguished from others. From a post-structualist viewpoint, identity is plural, dynamic and multi-dimensional and both individual and collective identities can be portrayed through various medias. Social media, as the most prominent phenomenon of our era, not only provides a unique opportunity for people to share their thoughts and feelings, but also affects their lifestyles and worldviews. The present study, a qualitative analysis of big data, probes the discourse behind the representation of Iranian national identity in social media and specifically twitter. By probing the tweets, the study shows the discourses in which Iranians represent their identity. To find out the way Iranian twitter users redefine themselves and their national identity in their tweets, 6000 tweets were compiled in a 40-days period and were categorized based on their common features. Utilizing the discourse analysis and thematic analysis, the six elicited themes were categorized which include other-oreintation, self-escape, agent- orientation, self-victimizing, generalizing everyday behaviours, positive thinking, humiliating Iranian identity. Elaborating the themes, Iranians always regret their past civilization and behaviors, they humiliate themselves comparing the other nations and the last but not the least, their behaviors are inherently determined.
Datis Khajeheian; Siavash Salavatian; Shaghayegh Kolli; Tohid Soltani
Abstract
This article addresssed the behavioral patterns of digital natives, youth between 8 and 24 years in Instagram. for this reason, tries to firstly investigate the most popular hashtags used by Iranian digital natives, and then, to identify the incentives behind using these hashtags. at the first step by ...
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This article addresssed the behavioral patterns of digital natives, youth between 8 and 24 years in Instagram. for this reason, tries to firstly investigate the most popular hashtags used by Iranian digital natives, and then, to identify the incentives behind using these hashtags. at the first step by use of data mining, the popular hashtags of 534 users from digital natives collected and then by use of semi-structured interviews with 20 of them, their incentives and behavioral patterns identified. findings shows that hashtags 'Awli', 'best', 'jzb'. 'nice' were the most used hashtags within 15097 hashtags from 534 posts. the incentives are recognized as belogning, socializing, attraction, information seeking, empathy, announcing success, and declaring identity. this article argue that instagram creats a virtual world for digital natives that they recereate real world norms in this platform.
Hamid Abdollahyan; Hossein Kermani
Abstract
This paper examines how the networked publics on Twitter are taking shape in Iran. While Twitter's role in political events has increased, the systematic study on this issue has not grown as expected. Accordingly, considering the importance of Twitter in Iran as well as the role of networking publics ...
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This paper examines how the networked publics on Twitter are taking shape in Iran. While Twitter's role in political events has increased, the systematic study on this issue has not grown as expected. Accordingly, considering the importance of Twitter in Iran as well as the role of networking publics in Twitter, the first step in analyzing Twitter's role in politics in Iran is to identify and analyze the characteristics and structure of such network publics. The purpose of this research paper, therefore, is to identify and analyze the structure of networking publics on the Persian website. We collected the necessary data during the 25 days of the presidential election of 2017. To do such research, in addition to using the theoretical concept of the public, we have combined the methods of social network analysis and ethnographic content analysis. The modularity of clusters indicates that there are three main clusters in the retweet network as follows: 1- the reformists' cluster, 2- the fundamentalists' cluster, and 3- The immigrant cluster. To describe the features of these three, we identified active users of each one based on the PageRank index. The findings indicate that active users are often made up of journalists, the media, and ordinary citizens. There is also a significant gender gap in the network of publics. Most of the members' accounts of these publics remained active after the election, but the members of these three network publics are different from each other in terms of their true identity..
ramin shamsaeiniya; abouzar khoshbayan
Abstract
Technological changes are a key factor in the life of the media and how they operate. It is an undeniable fact that the media has always been created through the creation of a new technology. And the creation of new media has always had an impact on the past media. Meanwhile, the impact and interaction ...
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Technological changes are a key factor in the life of the media and how they operate. It is an undeniable fact that the media has always been created through the creation of a new technology. And the creation of new media has always had an impact on the past media. Meanwhile, the impact and interaction between TV and social media based on the Internet environment has been very much taken into consideration. Which can be seen as the convergence of the media. The present study in search for understand the role and functions of social media in television productions. This research has been done by classic grounded theory and case studies. And a targeted sampling was used. After analyzing the findings, researchers arrived at the Twenty three functions that ultimately provided them with a conceptual model. This model explains these functions in four phases of production, which includes pre-production, production, broadcast and post-broadcast. Producers of television shows can use their findings to promote their own productions. And use the functions of media convergence in their television productions.
سیف seyf; Aramis seyf; mahdokht borojerdi
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic, by slowing down or stopping social and economic activities, on the one hand, created increasing instability, which created an increasing need for information and news, and, on the other hand, with many activities and interactions in daily life, an unparalleled opportunity for ...
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The coronavirus pandemic, by slowing down or stopping social and economic activities, on the one hand, created increasing instability, which created an increasing need for information and news, and, on the other hand, with many activities and interactions in daily life, an unparalleled opportunity for Provided social and mass media. The production of much of the content on social media by non-professionals has led to the mass production of fake or pseudo-scientific information called "infodemics". The aim of this study was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of official media and social networks in the face of fake news in the Corona crisis, using the tradition of qualitative research, interviewing 10 experts in the field of media and crisis and solutions Has dealt with it. The findings indicate that experts believe that fake news determines the formation of public opinion in the recent crisis. According to them, in order to counter infodemics, it is necessary to strengthen the official media against social media and to attract the participation and cooperation of health professionals in the production of media content. The experts also suggested solutions to counter fake news in four areas: media, government, academia and education.
hadi khaniki; Hossein Kermani
Abstract
Alongside with the advent and proliferation of internet usage in societies, more debates on the potentials of internet in reviving or reshaping the public sphere or even creating a new one has aroused. Thus, this paper is trying to evaluate if a micro public sphere is shaped in a Telegram group where ...
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Alongside with the advent and proliferation of internet usage in societies, more debates on the potentials of internet in reviving or reshaping the public sphere or even creating a new one has aroused. Thus, this paper is trying to evaluate if a micro public sphere is shaped in a Telegram group where Iranian journalist had discussed the requirements and conditions for establishing a professional association. Telegram is the most popular Instant Messaging Application in Iran now, and its groups provide a very convenient space for discussions and conversations. That is why numerous groups are created to enable people to participate in public and (potentially) free discussions. In September 2016, when some Iranian journalist tried to establish a professional association for Tehran-based journalists, a group in Telegram was created which attracted more than 600 members at that time. The announced purpose of the group was exploring the circumstances and providing helpful suggestions for those working to prepare the statute of the association. Thus, using a triangulation of three methods, we tried to achieve a close reading of messages in the group (we analyzed 1117 messages from the beginning before the theoretical saturation was achieved). We identified 5 different kinds of conversations: simple, empathy, non-challenging, challenging, and hostile. Findings showed that the members’ actions in some cases can be seen as communicative rather than instrumental or strategic. Results also indicated that as debates got more hostile, many of public sphere’s norms were violated.
