Reza Saberi
Abstract
Statement of problem
The present study aimed to investigate how news related to the first wave of coronavirus outbreak in Iran was reflected on two websites, "IRIB" and "BBC Persian". Since December 2019, the terms "corona" and "COVID-19" have become among the ...
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Statement of problem
The present study aimed to investigate how news related to the first wave of coronavirus outbreak in Iran was reflected on two websites, "IRIB" and "BBC Persian". Since December 2019, the terms "corona" and "COVID-19" have become among the most commonly used news concepts in traditional and modern media worldwide to represent a human event or crisis that was first observed in hospitals and clinics in Wuhan, China. The website is considered a modern media that content exchange or publication is only possible with the help of digital processing tools.
The concept of "news" in this study included all news, reports, interviews, notes, and expert analysis published on the "first wave of coronavirus outbreak in Iran" on the BBC Persian and IRIB news websites. The first wave of coronavirus in Iran began on February 20, 2020, and ended on June 6, 2020. This study used a quantitative content analysis method to code the content of the messages on the studied websites in 17 variables and 62 sub-variables. The statistical population included 1,015 units of analysis, and by using the Cochran formula, 278 news, reports, interviews, or analyses were selected as samples, and the data was collected using a multi-stage (quota and systematic random) sampling method.
The theoretical framework of this research is based on the principle that news coverage in media and websites can be explained based on the theory of social responsibility. However, media policy is influenced by internal and external factors at national and international levels, which affect the content of media and guide their news values and mission towards specific directions. Therefore, theories such as framing theory, agenda-setting theory, and gatekeeping theory can better differentiate media in terms of their presentation and quality of news content.
Research findings
The findings of the study indicate that the coverage of COVID-19 news in Iran is largely influenced by news values of "conflict", "magnitude", "comprehensiveness" and "celebrity", while values such as "exceptionality", "novelty" and "proximity" had little impact on the news. The representation of the crisis on the studied websites was characterized by distinct features. Some of these include:
• In the first wave of COVID-19, two-thirds (69.1%) of the news on the COVID-19 situation on the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) website were based on their own news agency, indicating the "exclusive" nature of their news source. By contrast, BBC Persian published about half (48.2%) of their news based on an unknown source.
• Approximately 94% of the images used on the IRIB website had no news direction, while BBC Persian adopted a negative direction in their images (about 41%) as part of a desirable strategy to attract audiences and present an undesirable image of the COVID-19 situation in Iran.
• In the first wave of COVID-19 in Iran, providing accurate statistics on the number of COVID-19 cases accounted for around 19% of the content on the IRIB website, compared to 5.75% on the BBC Persian website, indicating less attention to accuracy in the representation of events on the IRIB website.
• The BBC Persian website identifies the origin of the virus as a natural cause and its source as China (which has good relations with Iran), while the IRIB website considers the virus to be an "unnatural" disease (man-made) and attributes its origin to the United States.
• COVID-19 news on the IRIB website mainly indicates good management of the COVID-19 virus in Iran, with 87% of their news referring to it. In contrast, BBC Persian presents a very different perspective, with 98% of their news portraying the COVID-19 situation as undesirable and criticizing the poor management of the situation in Iran.
Conclusion
Based on the theoretical framework of the study, the findings indicate that although the COVID-19 virus as a pervasive human disease with multiple and important news values has attracted the attention of news websites to reflect its various dimensions, the commitment of each news website to a particular framing has resulted in the spirit of the framework being reflected in the produced content of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) website as a media outlet in favor of the current situation, choosing an "optimistic" approach, while BBC Persian as a media outlet opposed to the current situation, reproduces a "concerned" approach in COVID-19 news events.
Keywords: COVID-19, news, IRIB website, BBC Persian website, quantitative content analysis.
Atoosa Rotambeik Tafreshi
Abstract
Analyzing the content of the news and the way it is presented is very important since media can affect public opinion in so many ways. This study is aimed at analyzing the news coverage of the Covid 19 in Iranian written Press to find out about the differences between the ways different news media in ...
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Analyzing the content of the news and the way it is presented is very important since media can affect public opinion in so many ways. This study is aimed at analyzing the news coverage of the Covid 19 in Iranian written Press to find out about the differences between the ways different news media in Iran cover and report the news about Covid crisis during three time periods, from March to November 2020; and the lexical items that emerged or become frequent in the media after the crisis. The corpus has been built by crawling the websites of 6 main Iranian news media that are believed to be close to the three main political factions of Iran, namely Fundamentalists, Reformists, and Moderates from March to November 2020. The results show that “war” and to be specific, “Imposed War” or “holy defense” act as the nodal point in the discourse of “Corona War” in Iran. Words like sepah (corps), Basij, Jihad, fore front, health defenders, health martyrs, enemy, defeat, etc. are prominent in this discourse. Corona virus is represented as an inauspicious virus that can be used by the enemy against Iran, and Iran must defeat the enemy conspiracy. In this discourse, the words “America” and “Trump” are always very frequent. This representation of “Corona War” in Iran is more emphasized in Fundamentalists newspapers during the first time period in this research. Pre Corona, Post Corona, Corona phobia, are some of the neologisms in Persian after this pandemic.
taher roshandel; vahid aghili; mehdi motamedi
Abstract
AbstractNews sites are among the mass media that have grown a lot due to the facilitation of the use of website technology. Now, due to the emergence of social media and the change in the audience's news consumption taste, news sites have lost a part of their audience. But having an editorial process ...
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AbstractNews sites are among the mass media that have grown a lot due to the facilitation of the use of website technology. Now, due to the emergence of social media and the change in the audience's news consumption taste, news sites have lost a part of their audience. But having an editorial process and more reliability than social media has kept them as the most visited news media in the media environment. Turning news sites into news sources is one of the concerns of the managers of these sites. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to present a paradigmatic model of authority in news websites. The research method, the qualitative method of the foundation's data theory, and the data collection method were in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 16 managers, editors, and reporters of news sites and news agencies, as well as experts in the media field. The method of data analysis is open, central, and selective coding, and finally, a paradigm model of reference for news sites has been presented.Using new ways of interpreting a single event can be a competitive advantage for news sites over other news media. Audience trust includes the following categories: authenticity of news coverage, professionalism in producing and publishing news, the authenticity of the news, objectivity in relation to news publication, and transparency as the main phenomenon or central category that creates media credibility in news sites. Media credibility, including the following categories: fidelity to the elements of digital journalism in a professional manner, timeliness and neutrality of news, the art of audience analysis and persuasion, promotion of the special value of the news website brand, skill in employing a professional reporter and production and publishing correct news that is a strategy to become an authority on news sites. Behavioral tendencies of the audience include the following categories: understanding the needs of the audience and interacting with them, paying attention to the tastes of the audience, preparing special news packages for different audiences, attracting the maximum audience, the macro environment and a platform for realizing the phenomenon of news authority. The classes that shape the presented model include: the competitive environment of news sites (causal conditions), media trust (main phenomenon), increasing media credibility (strategy), attractiveness of news site design (intervening conditions), audience behavioral tendencies (context) and news authority as a (consequence) model.The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the content of news websites in terms of educational components, event level, subject matter, and news bias... considering that trust as a mechanism to reduce risk and uncertainty plays a very important role and has a role in the success and effectiveness of new media, therefore, it is of particular importance to provide a comprehensive framework and model of the factors affecting the audience's trust in news websites. Because if they are recognized, the websites in the context of e-commerce will be able to give satisfaction to their users and lead to news authority. The advantage of the present research compared to the researches presented in this field is that the presented model in this research, is a comprehensive and action-based model that has tried to pay attention to most of the effective operational components in becoming a news authority at the same time and avoiding generalization, and in this direction, it is a small step in linking theory and practice in relation to the process of becoming a news authority.The emergence and expansion of information and communication technology require us to witness a jump in quality and content in the field of new news websites, and if this point is neglected, the advantage of media competition will be lost, and this issue will be at the cost of the gradual decline of that website. The site ends. So, designers and decision-makers in this field have no right to be negligent.Suggested effective measures in the field of authority building and increasing media credibility- Improvement of UI and UX on news sites- Dissemination of secondary news about a phenomenon- Creating innovative and exclusive content for different users- Converting the audience to a user on the news site- Improving the special value of the brand of the news site- Creating a new user experience on the news site for the user
SeyedHesam Gheblezade; SeyedAlireza Afshani; Hossein Eslami
Abstract
Rumor and its impact on human social life have always been important. In recent years, with the expansion of cyberspace, the conditions for spreading rumors have been facilitated. This study has analyzed the narrative of the Yazdian youth from the prevalence of rumors in cyberspace. This study was qualitative ...
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Rumor and its impact on human social life have always been important. In recent years, with the expansion of cyberspace, the conditions for spreading rumors have been facilitated. This study has analyzed the narrative of the Yazdian youth from the prevalence of rumors in cyberspace. This study was qualitative research and performed according to grounded theory. The participants were the youth of Yazd, 24 of them were purposefully selected and studied through interviews, and open, axial, and selective coding was used to analyze them. Based on interviews with young people, 43 concepts, 20 first categories, 14-second categories, 5 core categories (rumor prevalence, rumor belief, rumor credibility, rumor enhancement, and rumor attenuation), and the phenomenon of "The razor's edge of the news malfunction in cyberspace" is constructed. It turned out that shows paradoxical space and so-called two edges of function and malfunction information in cyberspace. The results showed the negative view of young people on cyberspace and news published in this context, and the best way to reduce the impact of rumors and their dissemination is to inform and promote media literacy of the audience.
lida kavousi; zarrin zardar
Abstract
Air accidents are always important to the media and public opinion, but during international political conflicts, the importance of these events increases. The crash of the Ukrainian PS 752 aircraft on 8 January 2020, because of its connection to the Iran-US tensions, became the top news headline of ...
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Air accidents are always important to the media and public opinion, but during international political conflicts, the importance of these events increases. The crash of the Ukrainian PS 752 aircraft on 8 January 2020, because of its connection to the Iran-US tensions, became the top news headline of the world. Even now that more than two years have passed since the event, the media tries to steer public opinion in their own desired direction, by producing content about the air crash and its victims, reflecting the reactions of the countries involved and the world powers, and linking it to other issues related to Iran, such as the nuclear issue, human rights, and civil protests. Therefore, to understand national and international public opinion, and to predict the course of events, it’s appropriate to study the news coverage of the incident in the world's leading media, including 24-hour television news channels, which are the primary sources of news for the general public. Using the framework analysis methodology, this study examines the images that these media present to their audience about the PS752 incident, in different stages. Therefore, the researchers collected all the news of the incident, published on the websites of BBC Persian, BBC World, IRINN, Iran International, Russia Today, CNN, Fox News, and Euro News, from January 8 to 18, 2020. Finally, 663 news items were collected and the headlines and leads of this 663 data were analyzed. Using pre-existing and new frameworks, this study shows which aspects of the incident were highlighted by any of the mentioned media and based on this data, it compares these media and their policies. The results of this analysis can be summarized as follows: 1. Following the announcement of the missile strike, the level of attention to the incident increased in most of these networks, despite the differences in the patterns of attention; 2. Three approaches based on highlighting, conservatism, and marginalization were identified in framing the news of the incident in the studied media.
ferdows Aghagolzadeh; Azadeh Keshvardoost; Alieh Kord Zaferanlou Kambuzia; Arsalan Golfam
Abstract
Although many studies have been done on news and linguistics features of media discourse, considering news genres and differences in their linguistics details have been neglected. This genres include political, social, economical, cultural, labor, international, world and science. This research is due ...
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Although many studies have been done on news and linguistics features of media discourse, considering news genres and differences in their linguistics details have been neglected. This genres include political, social, economical, cultural, labor, international, world and science. This research is due to study on linguistics features of sport and social news, considering Van Dijk’s Theory of Ideology (2006) and also their differences is due to be identified, described and explained. By doing so, in the end a model will be represented for selection and representation of news in these fields. The reason for selection of these two fields is the amount of their audience and meaningful difference of their linguistic errors in comparison with other fields. This research has been done by field method and the data has been analyzed by Chi-squared test. Evaluation of efficiency of this model showed that it can be used as source for journalists in these two fields linguistically and considering communication theories. By doing so, journalists, editors and editors in chiefs have a scientific reference and this would lead to optimization of human force who works in media.
Mohammad gholi Minavandchal; simin meshkati
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare the Counter-Hegemonic international news coverage by the Press TV news network against the Hegemonic discourse of the western media in a case study. This study is to find out why, how and by which techniques is the discourse made and who is making it by asking ...
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The purpose of this study is to compare the Counter-Hegemonic international news coverage by the Press TV news network against the Hegemonic discourse of the western media in a case study. This study is to find out why, how and by which techniques is the discourse made and who is making it by asking three questions including why they speak, who is speaking, and how do they speak. Discourse analysis method is used to collect qualitative data.The conceptual framework to carry this study is based on the Gramsci's theory of Hegemony, Stuart Hall's theory of Representation, and the Laclau and Mouffe's Discourse Theory. The findings show that Press TV uses "Reverse Representation" in the confrontation with western media who shows Islam and East as an inferior otherness. Press TV utilizes special vocabulary system, focuses on the voice of voiceless and employs both organic and traditional intellectuals to verbalize Postcolonial subjects which all are hit off with its counter-hegemonic purposes.
Mahdi Adiban; aliasghar kiya
Abstract
Abstract:The mobile journalism and its impact on production and news publication has led to more public opinion. Pattern of publication (Publish then filter),(Down to Up),(One to all), The most important distinction is this new type of journalism.Although Pakistan has various medias; but partly and economic ...
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Abstract:The mobile journalism and its impact on production and news publication has led to more public opinion. Pattern of publication (Publish then filter),(Down to Up),(One to all), The most important distinction is this new type of journalism.Although Pakistan has various medias; but partly and economic association and the traditional structure which governing it. The possibility of participation and impact of public opinion in the news process has been limited.Mobile journalism in Pakistan relying on the three characteristic of (anywhere , anytime and anyone) promise the power of getting public opinion.In the event of the Temple Blast (Data Darbar), despite the overwhelming approach of traditional media to related news that tried to sect it and set this great country to the brink of civil war, media along with social media, currents, and political actors with different and, of course, realistic, newspapers to counteract differences.The mobile journalism is essentially a novelty. Innovative character and questions that focus on how this type of journalism works and influence this research, relying on the inductive strategy and the use of qualitative methods of text analysis and combination with historical study. The most important result of this research is the identification of the transformation of the power of public opinion with the help of mobile media, including the associated journalistic effects, increasing the political-civil participation of users.
