References
Beheshtifar, M. (2015). Investigate the relationship between social capital and trust within the organization in the MELLI Bank branch,
Computers and the Humanities, 2(1), 66-71.
Barbera, S., & Jackson, M. O. (2019). A model of protests, revolution, and information. Revolution, and Information (October 2019).
Bode, S., Sewell, D. K., Lilburn, S., Forte, J. D., Smith, P. L., & Stahl, J. (2012). Predicting perceptual decision biases from early brain activity. Journal of Neuroscience, 32 (36), 12488-12498.
Biocca, F., Harms, C., & Burgoon, J. K. (2003). Toward a more robust theory and measure of social presence: Review and suggested criteria. Presence: Teleoperators & virtual environments, 12(5), 456-480.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). Distinction: Towards a social critique of the judgment of taste.
Boyd, D. (2012). Participating in the always-on lifestyle. The Social Media Reader. (Ed: Michael Mandiberg). New York: New York University, 71-76.
Bugeja, M. (2005). Interpersonal divide. Oxford University Press. New York.
Campante, F., Durante, R., & Tesei, A. (2022). Media and social capital. Annual Review of Economics, 14, 69-91.
Chu, S., Oldford, E., & Gao, C. (2022). Does social capital alleviate financing constraints? A study of China’s creative economy. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 1-24.
Claridge, T. (2022). Exploring the limits of social capital.
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American journal of sociology, 94, 95-120.
Lin, Nan. & Burt, Ronald S. & Cook, Karen S. (2001). Social capital: theory and research. New York: Aldine de Gruyter NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2001:3-30.
Lee, S., Chung, J. E., & Park, N. (2018). Network environments and well-being: An examination of personal network structure, social capital, and perceived social support. Health communication, 33 (1), 22-31.
Donath, J., & Boyd, D. (2004). Public displays of connection. BT Technology Journal, 22(4), 71–82.
Duggan, M., & Brenner, J. (2013). The demographics of social media users, 2012 (Vol. 14). Washington, DC: Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project.
Dutta-Bergman, M. J. (2006). Community participation and Internet use after September 11: Complementarity in channel consumption. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(2), 469-484.
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 12(4), 1143-1168.
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2011). Connection strategies: Social capital implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices. New media & society, 13(6), 873-892.
Feldstein, L., & Putnam, R. (2003). Better together. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Forte, A., Peiró-Palomino, J., & Tortosa-Ausina, E. (2015). Does social capital matter for European regional growth?. European Economic Review, 77, 47-64.
Gedajlovic, E., Honig, B., Moore, C. B., Payne, G. T., & Wright, M. (2013). Social capital and entrepreneurship: A schema and research agenda.
Gil de Zúñiga, H., Jung, N., & Valenzuela, S. (2012). Social media use for news and individuals' social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 17(3), 319-336.
Gheitasy, A., Abdelnour-Nocera, J., Nardi, B., & Rigas, D. (2014, June). Designing for online collaborative consumption: a study of sociotechnical gaps and social capital. In International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 683-692). Springer, Cham.
Granovetter, M. (1983). The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited.
Hampton, K. N., Sessions, L. F., Her, E. J., & Rainie, L. (2009). Social isolation and new technology. Pew Internet & American Life Project, 4.
Hampton, K., Goulet, L. S., Rainie, L., & Purcell, K. (2011). Social networking sites and our lives. Pew Internet & American Life Project, 16, 1-85.
Harvey, D. (1996). Justice, nature and the geography of difference.
Hodson, J., Dale, A., & Petersen, B. (2018). The Instagram# climatechange hashtag community: Does it impact social capital and community agency. Int. J. Interdiscip. Environ. Stud, 12(3), 17-35.
Huang, G., Liu, Z., Van Der Maaten, L., & Weinberger, K. Q. (2017). Densely connected convolutional networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 4700-4708.
Internet world stats (2016), “Middle EAST”, available at:
www.internet world stats.com/ middle.htm#ir (accessed November 24, 2016).
Katz, J. E., & Rice, R. E. (2002). Access, civic involvement, and social interaction on the Net. The Internet in everyday life, 114-138.
Kaye, L. K., Kowert, R., & Quinn, S. (2017). The role of social identity and online social capital on psychosocial outcomes in MMO players. Computers in Human Behavior, 74, 215-223.
Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., Boneva, B., Cummings, J., Helgeson, V., & Crawford, A. (2002). Internet paradox revisited. Journal of social issues, 58(1), 49-74.
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?. American psychologist, 53(9), 1017.
Lin, N., Cook, K. S., & Burt, R. S. (Eds.). (2001). Social capital: Theory and research. Transaction Publishers.
Ma, S. Q., & Leung, L. (2019). The impacts of personality traits, use intensity and features use of LinkedIn on bridging social capital. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 14(4), 1059-1078.
Massey, D. B. (2005). For space. For Space, 1-232.
Nguyen, M. H., Hunsaker, A., & Hargittai, E. (2022). Older adults’ online social engagement and social capital: The moderating role of Internet skills. Information, Communication & Society, 25 (7), 942-958.
Newbert, S. L., & Tornikoski, E. T. (2012). Supporter networks and network growth: a contingency model of organizational emergence. Small Business Economics, 39(1), 141-159.
Norris, P. (1996). Does television erode social capital? A reply to Putnam. PS: Political Science & Politics, 29(3), 474-480.
Oslander, D., Brummel-Smith, K., & Beck, J. (2000). Comprehensive geriatric assessment. New York: McGraw Hill.
Paris Granovetter, M. (1973). The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology.
Parks, M. (2011) ‘Social Network Sites as Virtual Communities’, in Papacharissi, Z. (ed.), A Networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture on Social Network Sites. New York: Routledge, 105–123.
Postman, N. (1985). The disappearance of childhood. Childhood Education, 61(4), 286-293.
Putman, R.D. and Feldstein, L.M. (2003) Better Together: Restoring the American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Putnam, R. D. (1995). Tuning in, tuning out: The strange disappearance of social capital in America. PS: Political science & politics, 28(4), 664-683.
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In Culture and politics. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 223-234.
Quan-Haase, A., & Wellman, B. (2004). How does the Internet affect social capital. Social capital and information technology, 113, 135-113.
Raine, L., Lehnhart, A., Smith, A. (2012). The tone of life on social networking sites.
Schams, S., Hauffa, J., & Groh, G. (2018). Analyzing a user's contributive social capital based on acitivities in online social networks and media. In Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference,1457-1464
Smith, M., Giraud-Carrier, C., & Purser, N. (2009). Implicit affinity networks and social capital. Information Technology and Management, 10(2-3), 123-134.
Spottswood, E. L., & Wohn, D. Y. (2020). Online social capital: recent trends in research. Current opinion in psychology, 36, 147-152.
Techrasa. (2016). Infographic: social media demographics in Iran. Available at: http://techrasa.com/20 16/08/26/infographic-social-media-iran.
Thrift, N. (1996). Spatial Formations. Vol. 42. Sage.
Trainor, K. (2012). Relating social media technologies to performance: A capabilities based perspective. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 32, 3.
Valenzuela, S., Park, N., & Kee, K. F. (2009). Is there social capital in a social network site?: Facebook use and college students life satisfaction, trust, and participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 875–901.
Vissa, B. (2012). Agency in action: Entrepreneurs' networking style and initiation of economic exchange. Organization Science, 23(2), 492-510.
Warren, D. E., Power, J. D., Bruss, J., Denburg, N. L., Waldron, E. J., Sun, H., & Tranel, D. (2014). Network measures predict neuropsychological outcome after brain injury. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(39), 14247-14252.
Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/Qgnhcu
Wellman, B., Haase, A. Q., Witte, J., & Hampton, K. (2001). Does the Internet increase, decrease, or supplement social capital? Social networks, participation, and community commitment. American behavioral scientist, 45(3), 436-455.
Wellman, B., Quan-Haase, A., Boase, J., Chen, W., Hampton, K., Díaz, I., & Miyata, K. (2003). The social affordances of the Internet for networked individualism. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 8(3), JCMC834.
Williams, D. (2006). On and off the’Net: Scales for social capital in an online era. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 11(2), 593-628.
Yoganathan, V., Osburg, V. S., & Bartikowski, B. (2021). Building better employer brands through employee social media competence and