Abstract
Most graduates in helping majors are faced the problem of developing professional identity process. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of virtual networks in flourishing occupational identity by internship and a qualitative study of facilities and obstacles to this approach. The method ...
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Most graduates in helping majors are faced the problem of developing professional identity process. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of virtual networks in flourishing occupational identity by internship and a qualitative study of facilities and obstacles to this approach. The method was qualitative with content analysis of interns’ answers about their internship experiences in cyberspace. The method of data collecting was semi-structured interview. The Statistical Society were students and graduates of helping majors across the country. Targeted sampling of 20 active interns was used for data collecting. According to the encoded findings, internship possibilities in virtual networks were classified on three main themes: cyberspace possibilities, the facilities provided by the counselor and features of the process (the interaction of cyberspace, interns and consultants). Speed Internet, lack of audio and video signals, reducing the effect of counseling, difficulty of typing, ambiguity in dialogue and mental engagement reduction, was identified as barriers. According to the current limited facilities, internship in cyberspace can be responsive as an auxiliary method, for the large number of Council members who are in line for a license.
younes shokrkhah; Mohamadreza Saeidabadi; abdolreza namavar
Abstract
presenting a pattern forThe Impact of Social Networks on Democracy Development in Iran:A Grounded Theory StudyAbstractSocial networks have been able to influence the various dimensions of social life. The purpose of this research is to design a model for impact of social networks on democracy development. ...
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presenting a pattern forThe Impact of Social Networks on Democracy Development in Iran:A Grounded Theory StudyAbstractSocial networks have been able to influence the various dimensions of social life. The purpose of this research is to design a model for impact of social networks on democracy development. To design this model, using a Grounded Theory strategy and a constructive approach, using semi-structured interview tools with 10 experts and academic professors in the field of media management. The results of the research after the initial and focused coding were designed as a model. In the initial coding, 17 codes were extracted, and in the focused coding, 6 codes were extracted. Research findings show that globalization, increase level of public knowledge, lack of legal infrastructure, information monopoly, absolute power of government, filtering, inappropriate content dissemination, media literacy, use of authorities from virtual networks, awareness, transparency and accountability, improvement of Social capital, the strengthening of public voices, democracy demand, the creation of network society, and civil society are the main components of this model.
Hadi Khaniki; Amir Yazdian
Abstract
The first media religion studies dates back to 70s and 80s. Until the 1990s, this field had not been seriously considered by scholarships. Media studies’ affection by cultural studies and its apostasy (an important feature of cultural studies) are the main reasons for abandoning religion in media ...
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The first media religion studies dates back to 70s and 80s. Until the 1990s, this field had not been seriously considered by scholarships. Media studies’ affection by cultural studies and its apostasy (an important feature of cultural studies) are the main reasons for abandoning religion in media studies. Religious scholars also considered the mass media to be a factor in the weakening of religion, and therefore paid less attention to media studies. However, the emphasis of cultural approaches on the processes of meaning-making in society and the importance of religion as one of the most important components in the process of meaning-making of human agency caused attention to be turned to religion. Therefore, since the 90s, we have witnessed the growth of literature in the field of religion and media studies. Studies that began with the efforts of scholars such as Clifford Geertz and James Carey have continued up to the date and have grown due to the widespread influence of new media and their unique features at the community level. Examining the performance of religious groups, audience-oriented approach, examining religious news coverage, content analysis of religious topics, policy-making and critical content analysis have been among the main subjects of studies in this field, in recent years. However, the most important approaches to this emerging field of study can be found in Marshall McLuhan's "Technological Determinism"; Stig Hjarvard's "The Mediatization of Religion"; Stewart Hoover's "Mediation of Meaning"; Gordon Lynch’s "Mediation of Sacred Forms"; and Heidi Campbell’s "Religious-Social Shaping of Technology."
Parisa Nezami; Seyed Mahdi Sharifi; Abbas Nargesian; Mehran Rezvani
Abstract
In today's age where competition and the challenge of survival have become so important to all organizations, social media news channels are no exception; As we can see, failed news channels are quickly depleted and deleted. In such a situation, having a reputation and maintaining it and optimizing the ...
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In today's age where competition and the challenge of survival have become so important to all organizations, social media news channels are no exception; As we can see, failed news channels are quickly depleted and deleted. In such a situation, having a reputation and maintaining it and optimizing the channel credibility is one of the most essential tools to promote the activity of news media in messaging networks. The present study uses an interpretive approach and a qualitative method to provide a model of the media reputation of news messaging channels. The strategy of this research is the data theory of the foundation based on the Glaser approach and the method of data analysis is also based on the Glaser coding steps. The study population is managers and experts active in the field of cyberspace and news media. In this regard, in-depth interviews with 11 managers and experts who have sufficient knowledge and understanding of social media, especially the field of news in cyberspace and messengers. done. In order to provide a model according to the results of interviews and analyzes, the family of six thirty Glaser was used. The result of the research, finally, 7 categories including the central category of "professional and committed management", the categories of "ethical requirements", "professional characteristics of news", "interactive environment", "competitive environment", "infrastructure and accessibility of messengers" and finally, " The media reputation of the news messengers' channel has also been a consequence.
Hassan Bashir; Amir Reza Tamaddon; Amin Mirshekari Soleimani
Abstract
With the increasing use of new communication technologies, public opinion management tools have also undergone fundamental changes; both in terms of method and theoretical foundations, there have been developments in the field of public opinion management that double the need to review and develop the ...
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With the increasing use of new communication technologies, public opinion management tools have also undergone fundamental changes; both in terms of method and theoretical foundations, there have been developments in the field of public opinion management that double the need to review and develop the theoretical literature of the past. What is now being referred to as a new way of managing public opinion in recent years, and especially after the 2016 US election, is the issue of "social manipulation". The authors believe that Iran is one of the countries that is exposed to hostile social manipulation by regional and supra-regional powers due to its special communication position. To this end, with the framework of hostile social manipulation, the cyber actions of Saudi Arabia against the Islamic Republic of Iran have been studied. For the present study, more than 900,000 data related to Iran in Arabic were extracted by Twitter from the social network Twitter until 2021 & 2022 years; Then, using the network analysis method, the activity of Saudi users has been specially studied. The results of the study show that Saudi Arabia, with its hostile social manipulation techniques, especially by investing in cyber tools, seeks to discredit, destabilize, weaken, and sometimes promote specific groups and institutions that are important to the country's competitive power.
Seyed Mohamad ali Shakib; NASER BAHONAR; SEYED MOHSEN BANIHASHEMI
Abstract
The growth and expansion of cyberspace and the spread of its use, especially among children and adolescents, has caused a very serious concern for families and those in charge of education in the country in terms of how to deal with it. The widespread use of cyberspace by children and adolescents will ...
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The growth and expansion of cyberspace and the spread of its use, especially among children and adolescents, has caused a very serious concern for families and those in charge of education in the country in terms of how to deal with it. The widespread use of cyberspace by children and adolescents will eventually lead to social divisions and crises and deep intergenerational gaps between parents and children, and will gradually shake the position of the school as the most important pillar of formal and public education.The present study uses a qualitative approach to understand the current situation of the policy theory of the Ministry of Education of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the face of cyberspace and obtain its desired status components through in-depth interviews with managers and experts and analysis of data obtained through the data method. Is.The entrepreneurial view in the Ministry of Education, the lack of proper interaction with the private sector and the market, the weakness of the management body and the staff of education have formed the existing theoretical components. The desirable components of policy theory are the role of regulating and directing and supervising content by education along with defining the right role for the private sector to produce healthy, useful and safe content, and the need to pay attention to the priority of creating service and producing local content in the national network infrastructure. includes.
Sondos Mohammadi Nousoudi; Abdollah Bicharanlou
Abstract
on March 16, 1988 chemical attack on the Kurdish town of Halabja by Iraqi forces under Saddam Hussein, the largest ever chemical weapons attack,killed between 3000 to 5000 civilians, and injured 7000 to 10000 ones.Despite the depth and severity of this tragedy, due to the victims' lack ofaccess to the ...
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on March 16, 1988 chemical attack on the Kurdish town of Halabja by Iraqi forces under Saddam Hussein, the largest ever chemical weapons attack,killed between 3000 to 5000 civilians, and injured 7000 to 10000 ones.Despite the depth and severity of this tragedy, due to the victims' lack ofaccess to the media, it did not make a clear image in the world public opinion and even among the Kurds themselves; but the proliferation of social media allowed victims to draw global public attention to the crime. This paper is to study the Kurdish activism in cyberspace by a focus on the 33rd chemical anniversary of Halabja through analyzing their hashtag activism on the social network Twitter. Research results show that 8 main axes in Kurdish hashtag activism are highlighted on Twitter, which include:Narration of the Halabja tragedy on Twitter, a manifestation of symbolism in virtual activism by republishing photos of Omar Khavar and his child, pursuing the suffering of this pain in the faces of the survivors, the media coverage of the Halabja tragedy worldwide, Halabja as a common pain, notforgetting the Halabja tragedy, the founders of the Halabja genocide, and switching between online and offline activism boundaries. Based on the research results, Twitter acts as an online public sphere for Kurds, enabling them to develop an alternative discourse on the Halabja tragedy by creating a media stream.
mahsa zamani; Younes Nourbakhsh; Houshang Nayebi
Abstract
The increasing use of social networks is affecting various dimensions of users' health. The purpose of this study is to provide a pattern for promoting social health through the social network Instagram. For this purpose, in the first part of the research, using a qualitative method and conducting a ...
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The increasing use of social networks is affecting various dimensions of users' health. The purpose of this study is to provide a pattern for promoting social health through the social network Instagram. For this purpose, in the first part of the research, using a qualitative method and conducting a semi-structured interview, various types of use of Instagram were classified and then in the second part, using quantitative method and distribution of questionnaires, the desired relationships were examined. Findings show that more than half of Iranian Instagram users use this network for one to three hours a day and their social health is average (3.022). There is a significant and negative relationship between the rate of use of Instagram and the indicators of social coherence, social contribution and social health. The various types of use of this network can be divided into 9 categories, the results of which show the use of Instagram for entertainment, and immersion have a negative relationship with the index of social adaptation. But using Instagram for learning, employment, and knowledge transfer has a significant and positive relationship with social health. Using Instagram for communication as well as for self-expression has a positive and significant relationship with social integration. According to the findings of this study, the promotion of some social health factors in the individual dimension can be achieved through Instagram, and this issue can be considered by users, officials and policy makers.
Amir Mohamad Ghodsi; Seyed Jamal Akbarzadeh Jahromi
Abstract
Although, the reasoned and open debate that results in the formation of public opinion is a defining feature of Habermas' notion of the public sphere. However, because of the clustering of people and their exposure to similar concepts and ideas, there will be less conversation and conflict of votes on ...
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Although, the reasoned and open debate that results in the formation of public opinion is a defining feature of Habermas' notion of the public sphere. However, because of the clustering of people and their exposure to similar concepts and ideas, there will be less conversation and conflict of votes on Persian Twitter, and if there is, it will be illogical and reasoned. This study aims to discover and explore the distinctive traits and features of users who are scattered among the network's major poles and enable communication. We determined brokers' exact activities and utterances by optimizing centrality indicators and categorizing their tweets using a social media critical discourse analysis approach. Finally, after summarising and concluding, we demonstrated how the brokers' words and deeds parallel Habermas' theory of communicative action. We deduced that if the user applies the criteria suggested in the theory of communicative action, they will most likely function as a mediator or facilitator of communication in a distinct and unrelated cluster rather than in the midst of the communication stream, which is connected to other clusters.
Sadra Khosravi; Masoud Kousari
Abstract
Discussion is asking for a reason from the others; it is not a one-way presentation of our claims, but an interaction (two-way) communication, where communicators and communicatees change their turns and roles continuously, arguing and reacting to each other’s arguments. In discussions of social ...
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Discussion is asking for a reason from the others; it is not a one-way presentation of our claims, but an interaction (two-way) communication, where communicators and communicatees change their turns and roles continuously, arguing and reacting to each other’s arguments. In discussions of social networks in cyberspace, the communication processes are transactional; because they are not just dyadic questions-and-answers, but a helix of feedbacks and feedforwards by others. They are not only reasoning to persuade others, but they may include fallacy, claiming without warrants, and using rhetorical devices for persuasion. This paper is dedicated to sub-processes of critical discussions (i.e. reasoning, fallacies, and strategic maneuvering between them) among Iranian users of two virtual communities within Facebook. Toulmin’s argumentation model was applied to recognize reasoning practices and analyze fallacies. Van Eemeren’s Pragma-dialectic was used to understand how normative principles of a discussion are violated, but the discourse remains dynamic and communications continue. We concluded these discussions are examples of flouting of Grice cooperative principle, and they are performances of Wittgenstein’s concept of language games.
Mohammad Mohammadpour; Turaj Hashemi Nosratabad; Salar Kalantari
Abstract
The purpose of study was to determine the role of personality traits in distinguishing virtual social networks users and non-users. The present research design was a cross - correlation. The sample research consisted of 194 student users and 76 non -users in virtual social networks (270 people in total), ...
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The purpose of study was to determine the role of personality traits in distinguishing virtual social networks users and non-users. The present research design was a cross - correlation. The sample research consisted of 194 student users and 76 non -users in virtual social networks (270 people in total), who were selected using multi- stage cluster sampling among undergraduates and graduate students of Tabriz University. To collect data, short form of the NEO Personality Inventory, a demographic questionnaire and for data analysis, discriminant analysis method was used. Data analysis showed that personality factors extroversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience, in order of preference, have a significant role in distinguishing users from non-users in virtual social networks (p< 0/001). Extroverted people are sociable and have more tendencies to establish intimate relationships with others. In addition, people with high levels of openness to experience are curious about the inner and outer world and their life is full of experience, thus the use of virtual social networks is a new approach to communicate with others. Accordingly, the unstructured environments of this network causes that, people with low conscientiousness feature due to lack of impulse control more use them more.
Babak Rahimi; Hossein Kermani; Zohreh Alihoseini; Mohammadmahdi Meshkini
Abstract
Nowadays, many Iranians are using smart phones. Also, the digital divide problem remains an important issue in contemporary urban Iran. Thus, doing research into the relation between these variables is necessary to provide a better understanding of the problem. Using Van Deursen and Van Dijk theory, ...
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Nowadays, many Iranians are using smart phones. Also, the digital divide problem remains an important issue in contemporary urban Iran. Thus, doing research into the relation between these variables is necessary to provide a better understanding of the problem. Using Van Deursen and Van Dijk theory, this paper aims to clear if smart phone usage causes some new kinds of digital divide or not. Furthermore, we measured the correlations between some socio-demographical variables with digital divide. We surveyed 273 of Tehran citizens to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses. Finding shows that the main divide occurs in skills acces also there is a divide in material access but. In addition, class and education have the most effect on digital divide. Class affect the all kinds of accesses and education have effect on 2 of them, while other variables such as age, gender and ethnicity don not have significant effect on different levels of access.
Leila Niazee; Esmaeel Zarehee Zavaraee; Khadijeh Aliabadi
Abstract
This research aims to study the effect of Information and communication technology-based media literacy education program on knowledge in the second grade of elementary school students in Tehran of the academic year 2015-2016 .The research methodology was quasi-experimental. Research statistics subjects ...
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This research aims to study the effect of Information and communication technology-based media literacy education program on knowledge in the second grade of elementary school students in Tehran of the academic year 2015-2016 .The research methodology was quasi-experimental. Research statistics subjects include all of the students in the second grade of elementary school in Tehran. With using Purposive sampling method, 40 students were selected and randomly were replaced in experimental and control groups. Data Collection tools used in this study was the Researcher made test of knowledge That the reliability of the test knowledge calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0/79. After the pre-test on both groups, the independent variable (education by multimedia) were administered in six sessions on the experimental group and the control group were well away from the independent variable. After completing the education with multimedia, post-test was conducted in both of groups. For analyze data, statistics methods were used both in descriptive and inferential levels.the results showed that the students’ knowledge that have received material through multimedia method have learned much more. The results showed that ICT-based media literacy education increases students’ knowledge about media literacy.The results are in line with other researches, showed that the use of ICT in media literacy education and knowledge in relation to the basic elements of media literacy.
mehdi bigdeloo
Abstract
The development of new media, particularly interactive social networks, has been one of the most significant digital phenomena over the past few decades both in Iran and globally. The media, via its emphasis on user participation in social relationships, has brought about considerable changes to cultural, ...
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The development of new media, particularly interactive social networks, has been one of the most significant digital phenomena over the past few decades both in Iran and globally. The media, via its emphasis on user participation in social relationships, has brought about considerable changes to cultural, political, and economic landscapes. However, while highlighting the critical role of users in social relations, these networks may also impact social cohesion in less privileged areas, which often face stark social disparities. Among the social networks, WhatsApp is one of the most popular platforms and is widely adopted due to its interactive capabilities and lack of restrictions. Its use has also grown in Iran, especially given its high capacity for user interaction. The researcher has employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and a theoretical framework to review the impact of WhatsApp on social cohesion among less privileged areas of Tehran through a survey-based approach. Based on the data collection through the snowball method and statistical analysis using Pearson's test, it was concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of WhatsApp and both components of social cohesion (social adherence and social equality) among young users in less privileged areas of Tehran. Although the use of WhatsApp has been found to be positively associated with social equality, the impact is primarily felt with the feeling of participation. On the social cohesion component, the feeling of acceptance is heavily influenced by the use of WhatsApp, but the feeling of equality remains unchanged in less privileged areas of Tehran. Therefore, in light of this finding, it is warranted to consider the holistic and cohesive effects of this network in societal policies to effectively utilize its capabilities for enhancing the individual role-playing and to employ that potential towards reducing the cultural-social policy implementation costs. IntroductionModern media and communication platforms can be regarded as critical tools for the expression of various subcultures, ethnic groups, and less-privileged economic and societal groups. They serve to amplify their voices, increase their social awareness, and represent their demands. In Iran, mobile social networks like Telegram, WhatsApp, and Instagram have gained prominence and have had a significant impact on various populations, especially the youth.Among the social networks, WhatsApp has become increasingly popular among Iranian users due to the ease of voice communication, low internet requirements, and the ability to manage voice messages; its unfiltered nature, in particular, has garnered significant support among Iranian users. However, WhatsApp usage among less privileged areas remains understudied, especially in relation to its influence on social cohesion. This social network has allowed its users to play a significant role in the interactive space and has opened up powerful possibilities for two-way communication. However, despite the diverse roles that WhatsApp plays in different societal spheres and user functions, it is unclear whether its increased individual roles, particularly in the social, economic, and political spheres, would be effective in less privileged areas, especially in relation to the sense of social equality of young users and improving their social adherence and increasing the level of social cohesion. The present research has sought to address this issue.Research Question(s):What is the relationship between using WhatsApp and social adherence?1.1. What is the relationship between the use of WhatsApp and the feeling of social belonging?2.1. What is the relationship between the use of WhatsApp and the feeling of social acceptance?3.1. What is the relationship between using WhatsApp and adhering to the law?What is the relationship between the use of WhatsApp and the feeling of social equality?1.2. What is the relationship between using WhatsApp and feeling privileged?2.2. What is the relationship between the use of WhatsApp and the feeling of participation?3.2. What is the relationship between using WhatsApp and feeling equal? Literature ReviewStudies by Shohani and Shohani (Winter 2018) have revealed a significant correlation between social networks and the development of social trust, social cohesion, solidarity, and even political participation, via strengthening the relationships between people in those societies. Gholami and Khaiti (Fall 2013) have found a close relationship between the two variables of physical identity and social cohesion, and Imam Jumezadeh et al. (Spring 2014) have found a significant correlation between media consumption and social cohesion, and according to Farahmand et al. (Spring and Summer 2014) justice variables Social, external media, internal media and age have been able to show 22% of the changes in social cohesion. MethodologyThis study aims to examine the relationship between two variables: WhatsApp use and social cohesion. The study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology and adopts the Theory of Bernard (1999) as its theoretical framework. In order to obtain a measure of social cohesion, Bernard (1999) has outlined several dimensions such as a sense of belonging-isolation, deprivation-privilege, participating-not participating, accepting-not accepting, law-abiding-not adhering to the law. Within this research, two components of social compliance (feeling of belonging-isolation, acceptance-rejection, law-abiding-not adhering to the law) and feeling of social equality (deprivation-privilege, participation-nonparticipation, equal-unequal level) have been explored.Due to the lack of accurate statistics on young WhatsApp users in the less privileged areas of Tehran, the sampling process employed a convenience sampling method. A research questionnaire was given to 1,200 young people in Tehran's less privileged areas, and a total of 726 participants were included in the study. After the survey was distributed to the intended participants, those who agreed to participate and answered the questions, the collected data was subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson's correlation test. ResultsWith regard to the relationship between WhatsApp use and social adherence, the analysis revealed that the components of social adherence, namely the feeling of acceptance, sense of belonging, and adherence to the law, presented the highest correlations with the use of WhatsApp. In order to examine the sub-hypotheses in detail, Pearson's correlation test was also used to measure the extent of the connection between the WhatsApp usage and the three components under the social adherence variable.The table below presents the findings of the Pearson's correlation test, in which the social adherence variable was taken as the dependent variable and the WhatsApp usage variable was taken as the independent variable. The values and significance levels of each correlation coefficient are also provided. In consideration of the fact that the p-value is lower than the 0.05 significance level, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a statistically significant relationship between the usage of WhatsApp and social adherence, with 95% confidence.Symmetric Measures ValueAsymptotic Standard ErroraApproximate TbApproximate SignificanceInterval by IntervalPearson's R.263.0347.345.000cOrdinal by OrdinalSpearman Correlation.260.0387.234.000cN of Valid Cases726 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.c. Based on normal approximation.In terms of the relationship between WhatsApp use and the social equality variables, the analysis reveal that, while social participation and enjoyment present the highest levels of correlation, the feeling of equality can not be imagined. In other words, the feeling of equality cannot be inferred merely from people's WhatsApp usage.The results of the Pearson's correlation analysis shown in the table below reveal that while social participation and enjoyment present the highest levels of correlation with WhatsApp use, the feeling of equality cannot be inferred from WhatsApp usage alone. Furthermore, WhatsApp usage has a low level of correlation with the feeling of equality, indicating that the two variables cannot be deemed to have a strong connection. In light of the statistical findings presented in the table and the fact that the p-value has fallen below the 0.05 significance level, we reject the null hypothesis and concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between WhatsApp usage and feelings of social equality, with 95% confidence.Symmetric Measures ValueAsymptotic Standard ErroraApproximate TbApproximate SignificanceInterval by IntervalPearson's R.307.0318.677.000cOrdinal by OrdinalSpearman Correlation.301.0358.508.000cN of Valid Cases726 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.c. Based on normal approximation. ConclusionThe emergence and evolution of new media and especially social networks have become a phenomenon of recent years, having altered practically all aspects of modern human society, to the extent that their elimination is hardly imaginable in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, given their increased prominence. Indeed, the impact of these social networks is categorized on a spectrum of positive and negative effects, depending on the social conditions of the countries involved. However, it is vital to consider how people perceive the usage of these social networks, which is itself influenced by governmental actions, available social facilities, and other relevant factors. It is evident that people, especially the youth in our country, as the leading users of social media, have accepted the effects of various social networks as part of their everyday lives. As traditional values hold prevalence in Iranian society, social networks can have a mixed impact on its cultural fabric. While they are primarily perceived in contrast to the prevailing culture, their positive effects are often overshadowed by their negative aspects. Although widespread cultural resistance toward social media networks has often created a negative impression of their works, such a stance tends to overlook their potential capabilities, some of which remain unexplored. Among those capacities is their potential role in influencing social cohesion and solidarity, as demonstrated by the researcher.Recent economic challenges have exacerbated social inequality between different classes in Iranian society. This solidarity can act as a safeguard against potential unrest in less privileged areas, promote greater youth participation in social activities, and facilitate individual commitment and collective action, thereby forming a more cohesive society. In particular, the social fabric of the south and west areas of Tehran, which present lower levels of social and cultural facilities, as well as economic development, is vulnerable to social and economic inadequacies. This deficit of facilities constitutes a significant contributing factor to social tensions, particularly among the youth in these areas. The engagement of this population can therefore help offset the risk of social unrest.As the collected survey data indicates, the use of WhatsApp by users from less privileged areas of Tehran carries a positive and significant correlation with social adherence and social equality. However, when compared, users who employ WhatsApp extensively seem to possess a stronger social adherence compared to a higher feeling of social equality. This could be explained by the fact that WhatsApp's impact on communication may not sufficiently address the varying demands of social equality, particularly for users who reside in areas facing objective social and economic difficulties.
Ahmad Sadat
Abstract
Professional structure and function of TV News Channels in the past two decades have been affected by the emergence of quasi-independent news channels, development of new media, and also quick release of social networks. This issue has caused the emergence of new news channels with professional structures ...
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Professional structure and function of TV News Channels in the past two decades have been affected by the emergence of quasi-independent news channels, development of new media, and also quick release of social networks. This issue has caused the emergence of new news channels with professional structures in the Middle East to enter the media competition. In this new competitive environment, the television networks to maintain their position should be looking to take advantage of the capabilities of new media and social networks. Due to the use of social networks, especially Facebook, by Al-Alam Channel during the Arab Spring, this study clarifies and analyzes the status of this Network in use of the potentials of Facebook and promotion of communication with the Facebook’s audience. The findings of this study show that although Al-Alam Channel which has received later using of Facebook in comparison with regional and international rivals, it has been successful during the period of 8 months by expanding its sphere of influence in the social networks in the use of Facebook’s features and establishing effective communication with its own audience in the Arab world.
Mohammad Amin Ghane’irad; Ali Janadleh
Abstract
The development of the Internet as a modern communication technology has raised new, important and different issues regarding the relation between this technology and the public sphere. In this paper, based on Habermaus’s theory, we have proposed four fundamental questions about the possibility ...
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The development of the Internet as a modern communication technology has raised new, important and different issues regarding the relation between this technology and the public sphere. In this paper, based on Habermaus’s theory, we have proposed four fundamental questions about the possibility and impossibility of development of the public sphere in the cyberspace in order to prepare a systematic review of the proposed theories. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to distinguish three different views toward the development of virtual public sphere: possibility, impossibility, and conditional nature of the formation of the virtual public sphere. The resultant of these three views is that despite the capacity of the cyberspace for the development of virtual public sphere, there are still important challenges such as the digital divide, polarization, cyberspace fragmentation, anonymity, and loosening of the real social ties. In addition, closer study of the relation between cyberspace and public sphere requires us to avoid technological determinism, and consider the institutional and social contexts and perform comparative studies on different social and institutional contexts
Alireza Hosseini Pakdehi; Seyyed Abbas Asadi Malekhan
Abstract
Promoting positive attitude towards an innovation and having it accepted by people is the goal of any innovator. In the recent years Iranian national TV has tried to attract more audience in competition with other media by digitizing its channels and improving the quality of its programs. This research ...
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Promoting positive attitude towards an innovation and having it accepted by people is the goal of any innovator. In the recent years Iranian national TV has tried to attract more audience in competition with other media by digitizing its channels and improving the quality of its programs. This research aims to explore the attitude of the people of Nurabad in the province of Lorestan towards digitization of Iranian TV channels and the increase in their number. Regarding the innovational improvement of Iranian TV we tried to answer the following questions: do the benefits coming with an innovation explain people’s attitude toward that innovation? Is this attitude affected by their personal traits? We used survey research as the methodology and using Cochran’s method we found 384 people as a representative sample of all adults living in the city who are over 15 years old. Our sampling method was integrative and synthetic and the sample was chosen by quota multistage sampling. For data gathering we used a questionnaire made by the researcher. A number of professors and scholars confirmed the validity of the questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's (alpha) which resulted 0.74. Descriptive results of the research show that 67.8 percent of the audiences had a positive attitude towards digitization of the network and their increased number. Analytical results of the research indicate that there were significant relations between the attitude of the audiences toward an innovation and their level of religiousness, their liking of the Islamic Republic, credibility of the Iranian national TV in their minds, the success of the local TV programs, their level of knowledge, advantageousness of the innovation, the experience of previous use of the innovation, the visibility of the results of using the innovation. There were no significant relations between factors such as age, gender, level of education, and socio-economic class of the respondent and also their access to the satellite channels. Regression analysis showed that 46 percent of the changes of the dependent variable can be explained by the independent variables.
Alireza Hoseyni Pakdehi; Hosnieh Al-sadat Shobeyri
Abstract
In different countries, media literacy education methods and success rates differ. For example, Canada, with its profound history in media literacy education, is the most successful country in the world, but despite widespread importance of media in Iran, media literacy education in this country is relatively ...
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In different countries, media literacy education methods and success rates differ. For example, Canada, with its profound history in media literacy education, is the most successful country in the world, but despite widespread importance of media in Iran, media literacy education in this country is relatively new.The present study compared performance of a model country in teaching media literacy (Canada) with a country new on this way (Iran). Therefore, the performance of Canadian Media Awareness Network that provides media literacy education via “Media Smarts Website” and Iranian “Media Literacy Website”, the only Persian website providing media literacy education, were compared using “content analysis" method. The main results are as follows: majority of the contents in Iranian Website were "informative" and "alarming", but most of the contacts in Canadian Website had features of a real “educational sources. Canadian Website developed educational contents using the theories proposed by media literacy experts; While Iranian website has not used these valuable sources.
abdolrahman alizadeh; zarrin zardar
Abstract
The Effective Factors on Satellite Televisions' Spectacle and Appealing to Youth Audiences; with Special Emphasis on MANOTO Satellite Channel In recent years, the portion of satellite televisions in youth audiences’ media consumption, have dramatically increased. This caused big challenges and ...
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The Effective Factors on Satellite Televisions' Spectacle and Appealing to Youth Audiences; with Special Emphasis on MANOTO Satellite Channel In recent years, the portion of satellite televisions in youth audiences’ media consumption, have dramatically increased. This caused big challenges and concerns for policy makers, media staff and other stakeholders and led them to seek for an answer to this crucial question: why satellite TVs are this appealing to youth audiences and what factors could be effective on their attention to the Persian satellite TVs programs – especially MANOTO channel, the most popular satellite TV among Iranian youth audiences. To answer this question,tehranian youth audiences (18-35 years old) selected by non-random purposive sampling. qualitative interview method carried out by semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups and analyzed by thematic analysis as a technic. According to findings, youth audiences identified fifteen factors, appealing them to satellite TVs. The factors were categorized into four universal codes which included: representation of taboos, intimacy and youth, empowering the audiences and infotainment. It seems that MANOTO and other satellite channels gives alternative point of view to the Iranian youth audiences which is silenced in national Television channels.
Fereshteh-Azadi Parand; Farzam Matinfar; Fatemeh Mehdikhanloo
Abstract
Mobile social networks facilitate connections through mobile devices, and users of these networks can use mobile to access, share and distribute information. With increasing the number of users on social networks, the large amount of shared information and the dissemination of created information cause ...
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Mobile social networks facilitate connections through mobile devices, and users of these networks can use mobile to access, share and distribute information. With increasing the number of users on social networks, the large amount of shared information and the dissemination of created information cause some problems such as rumor propagation and access to incorrect information. The most powerful tools for validity of received information is based upon the trust value which is assigned by the others. However, considering the subjective and perceptive nature of the concept of trust, the mapping of trust in a computational model is one of the important issues in computing systems of social networks. In addition, there may be various communities on social networks and all users will not be directly connected to each other, which leads to a more complex process of calculating trust. In this research, using user characteristics in social networks, a fuzzy classification approach is proposed, and the trust is computed between users in a class using a computational model. Also trust is gained between users who are not directly connected, using the combination, transition and aggregation processes. By comparing the results, it can be seen that the proposed method recognizes trustworthy people with high precision.
alireza abdolahinejad; Javad Sadeghi; Abuzar Ghasemi Nejhad
Abstract
The current study examines the effects of the social media, Facebook, Instagram and Telegram on the political participation of the students of Allameh Tabataba’i University in Iran’s Parliamentary Elections in 2016. We used Cochran test and surveyed 370 students from the 8569 people studying ...
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The current study examines the effects of the social media, Facebook, Instagram and Telegram on the political participation of the students of Allameh Tabataba’i University in Iran’s Parliamentary Elections in 2016. We used Cochran test and surveyed 370 students from the 8569 people studying on the main campus of the university. The results show that there are significant direct relations between the amount of time spent on the chosen media and the students’ political participation (0.413), trust in the media and the students’ political participation (0.318) and effectiveness in using media and the students’ political participation (0.523). Two other factors including respondents’ education level (-0.401) and age (-0.431) had significant reverse relation with political participation of the students. The results of regression analysis show that five variables including media usage, trust, using effectiveness, educational level and age can predict the students’ political participation by 32 percent.
Marzye Fadaee Dah Cheshmeh; Azam Shahriari
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various aspects of social networking (duration of membership in social networks, the daily use of social networks, the user's activity on social networks, and the true extent deemed a social network content from a user perspective) on political consumerism. ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various aspects of social networking (duration of membership in social networks, the daily use of social networks, the user's activity on social networks, and the true extent deemed a social network content from a user perspective) on political consumerism. In other words, any social-network activity level in more depth will, in favor of political consumerism also increases. The statistical population of this research includes all university students in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2011-2012. By cluster sampling, 327 of them were selected as sample size and studied by scrolling method. In this regard, the results of the research show that only the amount of activity in social networks has a significant effect on political consumption. In other words, the level of activity of people in social networks is deeper, their tendency to political consumption also increases. .
abdolrahman alizadeh; zarrin zardar
Abstract
This paper aims to scrutinize what factors make Iranian youth pick Persian satellite televisions to fulfill their needs to entertain and prefer it to domestic TV channels and to answer this main question that from Youth audiences point of view, which factors affecting documentary and drama content appealingness ...
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This paper aims to scrutinize what factors make Iranian youth pick Persian satellite televisions to fulfill their needs to entertain and prefer it to domestic TV channels and to answer this main question that from Youth audiences point of view, which factors affecting documentary and drama content appealingness in satellite televisions? To achieve the answer, 25 qualitative semi-structured individual and group in-depth interview conducted and analyzed by thematic analysis technic through MAXQDA 10 software.Analysis revealed that the main factors of appealingness of drama content of satellite TVs could be summarized to five factors: story telling trends, social sticks, informational emowerment, resistance against domestic TV frames and repetition of familiar patterns. Moreover, there are two main factors which explain appealingness of satellite televisions documentaries to Iranian youth: comprehensiveness of narratives and professional selection and narration of subjects.In general, drama and documentary contents of Persian satellite TVs have three substancial functions for youth audiences which cause their gratification. Audiences gain some Ideas and subjects to communicate, so, they can use this material to expand their social interactions. As well, they can find their familiar patterns, in the world where the other author created that; they can make their own meanings and build their own world. Without any irritating confront with serious content, they get the information from drama and documentary and it make them feel empowered in creating their world and confronting social world and this feeling of surrounding the world make them satisfied.
Seyed Mohamad Mahdizadeh; Mahdokht Borojerdi; Mohsen Asgarzadeh
Abstract
In the present study, the understanding of how to manage meaning and content in the framing of the speeches of Trump and Rouhani on Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action(JCPOA) by news agencies ISNA, Fars, BBC Persian and Voice of America-Persian News Network (VOA-PNN) in the telegram messenger. Framing ...
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In the present study, the understanding of how to manage meaning and content in the framing of the speeches of Trump and Rouhani on Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action(JCPOA) by news agencies ISNA, Fars, BBC Persian and Voice of America-Persian News Network (VOA-PNN) in the telegram messenger. Framing theory has been used as theoretical basis for research. The Research Methodology is quantitative analysis and analysis unit is content. In this research, all the news about the event under review in the telegram channels of the news media are census in a purposive sampling . The reliability coefficient of the research was calculated based on Scott's formula, which for all variables was above 80%, which indicates the desirable reliability of the present research variables. Based on the findings of this research, in the speeches of Trump and Rouhani, the news release in ISNA, Fars and Persian BBC have been roughly the same and this news media (somewhat in the BBC) has published its contents against Trump's speech, while Most overwhelming of the Voice of America news was reflected against Rouhani's speech.
Seyed Zia Hashemi; Mohammad Rahbari
Abstract
Development of online social networks in recent years and creation of more ease for accessing to these networks via smart phones, has influenced people’s culture especially young people who use these networks daily. Among these networks, Twitter has different role because its access is prohibited ...
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Development of online social networks in recent years and creation of more ease for accessing to these networks via smart phones, has influenced people’s culture especially young people who use these networks daily. Among these networks, Twitter has different role because its access is prohibited in Iran and also many of its users have anonymous activity in it. So it creates an environment that users can talk in it more freely or as Hirschi says, there is less social control on these users. The lower social control in Twitter, may increase the amount of vulgar contents in it. So, understanding the role of Twitter in using vulgar contents as an abnormal behavior, is important for assessing the normative effects of using Twitter on its users.In this study, the content of Tweeter, from 1388 to 1396, is analyzed by using keyword-based data mining and descriptive-statistical method. Findings from data mining on 82 million tweets show that users have increasingly tweeted vulgar contents in early years of using Twitter in Iran. However, since 1392, the rate of using these contents have been relatively constant, and only 3 to 4 percent of all tweets have had vulgar contents. Therefore, in contrary to the first hypothesis, Twitter has not eliminated the obscenity of vulgar content. The reason can be the development of new values in this virtual community and the increase of social control, which is the result of more tweeting with real names and badges.
