seyed jamaledin akbarzade jahromi; seyed nour aldin razavizadeh; mohaddese sheikhi
Abstract
As modern values develop, centralization of the body is ascending. Statistics of cosmetic surgeries and makeup usage vividly clarifies the intensification of paying attention to the body. The term “body as a project” means that nowadays body management has turned into a routine process in ...
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As modern values develop, centralization of the body is ascending. Statistics of cosmetic surgeries and makeup usage vividly clarifies the intensification of paying attention to the body. The term “body as a project” means that nowadays body management has turned into a routine process in order to identify the one’s personality for and unlike the past it does not belong to the elites anymore. Within this process, the media have an influential effect. Alongside the media, the popularity of social networks such as Instagram has led to many social consequences. This research is to discuss the effects of Instagram on body management among women by adopting a survey research method. Statistical population for this study includes women from 15 to 55 years of age who live in districts 1 and 20 of Tehran. the data was collected via a questionnaire. Multistage probability sampling is used to analyze the data gathered. the results suggest the more women use Instagram, the more they care about the idea of body management. Also how they use Instagram would affect the level of the management; this means women who follow celebrities pay more attention to their body. These women are not satisfied enough with their appearance and body. The results prove that there is a strong relationship between the usage of social media and the change in values women in Iran have regarding the body.
Abdolali Aliasgari; Siavash Salavatian; Mohamadhosein Eghbaldoust
Abstract
Enjoying the biggest space in the media consumption basket of audiences in the past, TV is now facing a serious threat due to the rapid changes occurring in the arena of new media. The main objective of this paper is to identify solutions and ways in using broadband capacities to promote the status of ...
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Enjoying the biggest space in the media consumption basket of audiences in the past, TV is now facing a serious threat due to the rapid changes occurring in the arena of new media. The main objective of this paper is to identify solutions and ways in using broadband capacities to promote the status of TV in the consumption basket of the audiences. To identify these solutions, communications experts and media specialists who enjoy expertise in the field of theoretical and experimental broadband context, were contacted and interviewed. Among them 21 people were selected through purposeful sampling. Delphi study was conducted in three rounds; in the first round, the required data was gathered using deep interview method and then a questionnaire. Finally, the members of the Delphi panel consensed on 21 ways, which had been classified in the five sections of "content", "management", "technical", "policy-making" and "commercial-economic", reached consensus. "producing content special for the cyberspace" and "making change in news releasing model" are among the most important identified content solutions; "broadband media audience research" and "enhancing the media literacy of users” are the most significant management solutions; “making changes in archive area" and "utilizing the capacity of receiving feedbacks for analyzing the characteristics of the users" are among the most technical solutions; "making clear rules" and "the interaction of actors working in the field of audio and video comprehensive broadcast in the virtual space" are the most important policy-making solutions and the most important economic-trade strategies are "creating added value for selling more products" and "making a suitable base for selling products.”
Mohammad saeeid zokaei; Farzaneh Nezakati Rezapour
Abstract
This study was conducted with the aim understanding “mobile digital” lifestyle of students, which we have called “mobital”. Using grounded theory methodology and relying on episodic interviews with students from two top universities (Allameh Tabataba’i and Sharif) in three ...
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This study was conducted with the aim understanding “mobile digital” lifestyle of students, which we have called “mobital”. Using grounded theory methodology and relying on episodic interviews with students from two top universities (Allameh Tabataba’i and Sharif) in three main educational groups (Humanities, Engineering and Basic Sciences), the data were coded with “Nvivo 10”. Contrary to those researches who only highlight the sense of gratification from the use of new ICT’s, the findings reveal that the lived experience of students exposed to mobital devices, is a “paradoxical mixture of satisfaction and dissatisfaction”. Although this experience tends to create “cognitive dissonance” and contradictory feelings towards mobital devices, students have found strategies to handle it. They try to maximize their interests and stay away from its damages with “choosing rationally” exercising more “self-control”. In brief, the findings suggest that the three elements of students, devices and society are jointly construct “mobital lifestyle”. This provides an important case for assessing validity of existing theories and gives us valuable information for future research on new media and students’ lifestyles.
Mehdi Montazerghaem; Mona Sha’ban Kasegar
Abstract
The present study is a research on the capabilities of women in the cyberspace. Regardless of the limitations of the real world, cyberspace can empower women participation and individual capabilities. If woman have the necessary skills and motivations, they can use the internet and content production ...
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The present study is a research on the capabilities of women in the cyberspace. Regardless of the limitations of the real world, cyberspace can empower women participation and individual capabilities. If woman have the necessary skills and motivations, they can use the internet and content production to their benefit. They can also make their voice heard and change the society’s stereotypes and images about them. However, there are requirements to achieve such goals. This study aims to find those requirements and investigate their impacts on the empowerment of women in the cyberspace. A questionnaire was prepared and given to the women active in the cyberspace. Data gathered through 429 completed questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS. The results show that different variables including purposeful activities, knowing other active women, level of activity and media literacy can improve women's capabilities in the cyberspace.
seyed jamaledin akbarzade jahromi
Abstract
Post-television, as a result of media convergence, does not mean the death of television but it can be understood as the restructure of television production, distribution and consumption modes. Media convergence as a structural change threatens broadcasting institutions and Islamic Republic of Iran ...
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Post-television, as a result of media convergence, does not mean the death of television but it can be understood as the restructure of television production, distribution and consumption modes. Media convergence as a structural change threatens broadcasting institutions and Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), as a state-owned broadcaster with monopolistic position, faces more challenges. Through a face-to-face, in-depth interviews, this study shows, IRIB recognizes the potential and challenges of new environment and puts suitable activities on its agenda include launching Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT), establishing new channels, upgrading some channels to HD, using Satellite for signal distribution at national level and initiating some regional and global satellite television channel in English, Arabic, and Spanish. There is a variety of critiques to these activities: a Technophilia approach affects IRIB plans; in absence of a market system, IRIB have to rely on insufficient command system and finally, national security is main drive of IRIB development.
mostafa ghanizadeh; ali yousefi; gholamreza sedigh ouraee
Abstract
Instagram is a photo-oriented social network that has gained popularity amongst Iranians in recent years. The norms of action and interaction in this social network have their own characteristics, which vary in normal interaction. difference is due to the nature of the online social network and its specific ...
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Instagram is a photo-oriented social network that has gained popularity amongst Iranians in recent years. The norms of action and interaction in this social network have their own characteristics, which vary in normal interaction. difference is due to the nature of the online social network and its specific structure. The structure in the space of the Instagram is the parts that are designed by the operators, which creates the possibilities for action and creates constraints for it. to discover these differences, in this paper, the norms of action and interaction are described. for this description, the method of nethnography has been used. To ensure the authenticity of norms that discovered by the researcher, an online questionnaire has been set up and completed by 110 people. Finally, with the help of Raymond Boudon's methodology , the structure , norms , practices , and social interaction in this social network have been discussed.
Sara Aboutaleb Joula; Alireza HoseiniPakdehi; Zahra Hakimi
Abstract
The present research aims to studythe impacts of watching satellite TV Shows on the local dressing style of the Kurdish women of the city of Paveh through a case study of the TV show Harim-e Soltan. We tried to find the reasons and motives behind such changes. Taking a qualitative approach, we conducted ...
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The present research aims to studythe impacts of watching satellite TV Shows on the local dressing style of the Kurdish women of the city of Paveh through a case study of the TV show Harim-e Soltan. We tried to find the reasons and motives behind such changes. Taking a qualitative approach, we conducted ethnography using semi-structured interviews. The statistical population includes the Kurdish woman between 15 to 50 in the Hijri years of 1393 and 1394 who lived in the city of Paveh and used a dressing style similar to that of the TV show. We used targeted sampling and enough number of interviews to fulfill the needs of the research questions. The results show that the localstook ideas from the TV show and combined them with their own dressing styles. We can’t consider watching the TV show as the only effective factor. This factor played a role along with other factors.
Mohammad Javad Badinfekr; hossein sarfaraz; morteza samiee
Abstract
A review of Persian translation and authorship works on the culture of fame, we find the predominance of critical views; From a semiotic point of view, Roland Barthes's critical stance on intra-cultural sign systems as ideological and mythological systems is common and especially symbolic, revealing ...
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A review of Persian translation and authorship works on the culture of fame, we find the predominance of critical views; From a semiotic point of view, Roland Barthes's critical stance on intra-cultural sign systems as ideological and mythological systems is common and especially symbolic, revealing their hidden and mostly repressive implications; While the claim of the article is the existence of celebrity cultural functions as a symbolic system and the culture of fame as a sphere, which has been tried using the theory and methodology of Yuri Lutman, the founder of the School of Cultural Semiotics, to Provide a new analysis of the culture of fame. The theoretical conclusion of this article was that culture of fame is one of the hallmarks of culture and participates in the process of demarcating the boundaries of culture. Then, using Lutman's cultural semiotics, Hassan Aghamiri's Instagram Live (Rouhani's Celebrity) with Ahlam (the singer's female celebrity), which is a celebrity-centric phenomenon of two opposing classes, is analyzed as a body of study. The results of this analysis revealed that the two celebrities finally agreed on the legal boundaries of halal and haram music on Instagram in an agreement. As a frontier in the sphere of religion, Hassan Aghamiri translates Ahlam, which is a non-religious element, into the sphere of religion. On the opposite side, Aghamiri himself finds his way to the sphere of music through Ahlam. Eventually, the coincidence of the two celebrities with each other leads to an explosion in the sign sphere.
gholamreza Haddad
Abstract
In the era of information revolution, social Sphere in general and political Sphere in particular have been deeply mediatized. In addition to the diverse interpretations that have been made so far, this article is based on a specific notion of mediatized politics, in which the expansion of the presence ...
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In the era of information revolution, social Sphere in general and political Sphere in particular have been deeply mediatized. In addition to the diverse interpretations that have been made so far, this article is based on a specific notion of mediatized politics, in which the expansion of the presence and role of the media in the political Sphere of societies provides the conditions for unofficial and ordinary persons to act az political actors. This research seeks to answer the question of whether mediatized politics affects all societies in any way, irrespective of their specific capacities and contextual characteristics equally or it is a contextual phenomena that brings different and diverse outcomes in different societies. In this regard, two cases of Joe the plumbers in the US presidential election of 2008 and Mirza Aqa in the 12th presidential election of 1396 as unofficial pesons, which provided the media with the opportunity to turn them into political activists, were the subject of a comparative study. Relying on cultural sociology as a theoretical framework, the comparison of these two cases in three indices of the dynamics of political subjectivity, typology of the media, and the survival of political subjectivity showed that mediatized politics is a contextual phenomena that in democratic developed societies yields maximum dynamic and long-lasting of political subjectivity in the context of all levels media, but in developing societies and pseudo-democracies, has minimal dynamics of political subjectivity only at the level of the micro-media and limited to elections campaign time.
Razieh farshid; faezehsadat bahrololoumi tabatabai; nosrat riahinia
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the concepts of media literacy and computer literacy based on the works indexed in the Web of Science .The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of methodology with a scientometric approach in which network analysis techniques ...
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The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the concepts of media literacy and computer literacy based on the works indexed in the Web of Science .The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of methodology with a scientometric approach in which network analysis techniques have been used. The research community of scientific products is related to the subject of media literacy and computer literacy.Findings indicate that 1736 works have been indexed in the field of media literacy and 772 works in the field of computer literacy. Fedro in the field of media literacy and Grasser AC have the most products in the field of computer literacy. Among the countries, the United States is in the first place in two areas, among which Iran with 11 works is in the position of 31 computer literacy and with 8 works is in the position of 19 media literacy. The co-occurence of media literacy works was 9 clusters and computer literacy works were 6 clusters. There are 327 common keywords in the thematic clusters of these two domains. Also, paying attention to the field of media literacy and computer literacy as one of the components of society can play an important role in the growth and promotion of individuals. In the analysis and results of the present study, suggestions were made for managers and politicians to better clarify the issues in this area and to invest better in its development.
Hosein Salimi; Peyman Vahabpour
Abstract
Twitter is a social media that provides widespread engagement and interaction possibilities. In the last decade, the media has attracted the attention of politicians, especially diplomats, and has become a platform for the reflection of their priorities, values, and ideas. The use of this infrastructure ...
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Twitter is a social media that provides widespread engagement and interaction possibilities. In the last decade, the media has attracted the attention of politicians, especially diplomats, and has become a platform for the reflection of their priorities, values, and ideas. The use of this infrastructure has created a new type of diplomacy called "Twiplomacy", and more than 92 percent of the member states of the United Nations have a user account and represent their identity and their country on Twitter. In Iran, politicians and diplomats have not been able to keep up with this trend to have an active presence. By using the Ontological Security Theory, this essay seeks to explore how Iranian officials, especially diplomats, can represent the identity and norms of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran on Twitter. The main question is how Iranian politicians narrate themselves on Twitter. In order to investigate this question, in addition to Twitter of Iran's Foreign Minister, Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu's tweets were also considered as the main rivals of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s ontological narration on foreign policy. Accordingly, the following criteria were summarized as Iran's foreign policy narratives: First, Iran as a security maker of the region; second, Iran as an economically developing state; third, Iran as a compliant with international obligations; and last, an independent Iran.
fateme taheri
Abstract
Social capital is defined by the World Bank as social norms hidden in social structures, which has the role of coordinating people's actions to achieve goals. With the increase of electronic communication, the platform of social capital has changed and the concern of researchers has moved towards ...
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Social capital is defined by the World Bank as social norms hidden in social structures, which has the role of coordinating people's actions to achieve goals. With the increase of electronic communication, the platform of social capital has changed and the concern of researchers has moved towards online social capital. The purpose of this article is to analyze the opinions of experts against and in favor of the emergence of this variable. Due to the review nature of the article, 138 internationally articles were reviewed, and due to the inappropriateness of the title, abstract, and content of 78 articles, 60 were considered for final review. The review of these cases examines the studies conducted in the field of online social capital and the results from the experts' point of view. The results show that although online social capital has been approved by researchers to a large extent, the opposing opinions in this regard show that the use of online social capital in a favorable situation requires strengthening of electronic communication skills, platform development. Different types and how to use them correctly. So there is still no collective agreement among experts regarding the status of social capital in online social networks, and more research is needed to identify the status of this nascent concept more clearly. This study, as an opening to start coherent studies of the state of social capital in social networks and electronic communications, guides the importance and necessity of different qualitative and quantitative researches in this connection.
Mohammadsadegh nasrollahi; Mohammad Javad Badinfekr
Abstract
چکیدهConcentration on social messengers in cyberspace, has dominated the part of dominant audience of media consumption in the present era. A brief analysis of the communication pattern of users in social messengers shows the usual use of emoji, so that fewer virtual conversations can be found without ...
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چکیدهConcentration on social messengers in cyberspace, has dominated the part of dominant audience of media consumption in the present era. A brief analysis of the communication pattern of users in social messengers shows the usual use of emoji, so that fewer virtual conversations can be found without emoji. The incorrect, vague, and multiple use of emoji, especially in cultures other than their productive culture, raised the question in the minds of the writers about what is the origin of this phenomenon. And how did the cultural difference between the emoji and its consumer use affect the realization of such a phenomenon? In order to address this concern, the main question of the article is that what are the referents and concepts explicit and implicit of social messengers and whether their influence on the cultural and value system of the Western world can be verified?This paper, using the methodology of semiotics and using fellowship and paradigmatic technique, has explored the explicit and implicit cultural meanings derived from selected emoji (23 emoji) in three parts: family, gender, and language. The findings of this paper show that the dominant cultural approach to emoji is pluralism and cultural relativism deriving from modernism and postmodernism. Naturally, these two approaches have led to phenomena such as cultural vacuum, cultural differences, cultural contradictions, cultural confrontation, cultural ambiguity, and cultural dissemination in consumers and audiences. Last, the emphasis is on adopting an active approach by countries to creating native emoji and in line with their culture.
Azadeh Salemi; Hadi Khaniki; Habib Habib Sabouri KhosrowShahi; Shahnaz Hashemi
Abstract
In spite of the necessity of Media Literacy for optimal use of new communication technologies, media consumption experience may increase media literacy as well. The purpose of the present research is to propose a model for predicting internet users' media health literacy according to their Social Media ...
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In spite of the necessity of Media Literacy for optimal use of new communication technologies, media consumption experience may increase media literacy as well. The purpose of the present research is to propose a model for predicting internet users' media health literacy according to their Social Media Consumption patterns. By Media Health Literacy, we mean people’s perceived abilities to access, analyze, create and convey health messages through media. The research method is survey which was conducted in May 2019. The research tool is the questionnaire whose reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.837) and validity (face validity and construct validity) have been confirmed. The statistical population is adult citizens of Tehran who use internet. According to the Path Analysis model, "Gratifications obtained from social media use in the field of health" is the most powerful predictor of "Media Health Literacy" levels. "Frequency of Social Media Use", "years of education", "Adoption of health-related social media" and "Age" are the other independent variables which have shares in predicting Media Health Literacy's level among Social Media Users in Tehran. In conclusion, by increase in citizens' access to internet, Digital divide shifts from unequal access to new communication technologies to the quality of usage. In addition, Digital Divide remains between social groups in terms of "age" and "years of education", but "sex" does not define Social Media Users' "Media Health Literacy" levels.
fateme noorirad; hadi khaniki
Abstract
Adolescents today live in a cultural world whose boundaries are more blurred than ever before due to their constant presence on social media. The media and technological means of communication have increasingly provided indirect exposure to other cultures. And this situation puts the adolescent in a ...
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Adolescents today live in a cultural world whose boundaries are more blurred than ever before due to their constant presence on social media. The media and technological means of communication have increasingly provided indirect exposure to other cultures. And this situation puts the adolescent in a situation where he has to face challenges over his identity and definition. The identity formed in each person has a specific type and style, which is called identity styles. Identity styles are the scale and degree of distinction that can be made between individuals. In this regard, Brzezinski (1992) considers identity styles to include information, normative, confusing, and commitment.In this regard, the present study seeks to investigate the relationship between attitudes toward social media and identity styles in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years using online survey method and a statistical sample of 1065 people. It was 0.82.The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between confused identity and commitment and attitude to social media and the hypothesis of a relationship between informational and normative identity style with attitude to social media has been rejected
Sam Mohammadpour; Younes Shokrkhah
Abstract
In its fifties, the application of agenda-setting theory has become much more widespread than in the past, and today it can be divided into two main branches: traditional and modern. Based on agenda-setting theory political parties can focus their attention on the issues they are interested in using ...
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In its fifties, the application of agenda-setting theory has become much more widespread than in the past, and today it can be divided into two main branches: traditional and modern. Based on agenda-setting theory political parties can focus their attention on the issues they are interested in using media and political marketing tools. For a long time, the theory's main assumptions were centered around newspapers and radio and television channels as the mass media. With the development of communication technologies and the advent of social networks, the decisive role of traditional media in elections has been challenged. Today, political parties seek to use and be more active in social networks to highlight their positions and programs. Concerning this, the present study, exploring the media behaviors of the British parties in the 2015 and 2017 general elections, sought to answer the question of how the British parties' tendencies to media were in the two mentioned-above elections. The research findings, based on the findings of the most important statistical organizations in Britain and the world, show that the 2015 and 2017 British general elections were, respectively, the turning point and the culmination of the tendency of British parties to social networks as a tool of agenda-setting in modern times. Accordingly, social media seems to be ending decades of domination by newspapers and television channels to emerge as the determining media in election campaigns.
Seyed Mohammadbagher Jafari; Alireza Amirkabiri; hossein amjadi
Abstract
IntroductionNowadays, social networks are an essential part of daily life, and it's safe to say that the majority of the world's population uses at least one social media platform. With the advancement of technology and the prevalence of the Internet, social networks have become an integral tool for ...
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IntroductionNowadays, social networks are an essential part of daily life, and it's safe to say that the majority of the world's population uses at least one social media platform. With the advancement of technology and the prevalence of the Internet, social networks have become an integral tool for communication and information sharing. As more citizens turn to web 2.0 services and social media platforms, governments are increasingly considering using them as a channel for service delivery. In this research, we aim to identify the factors that impact the government's use of social media for service provision. By doing so, governments can gain a better understanding of the factors that influence their decision to enter this field and take more informed steps in this regard.Research Question(s)In this article, we aim to address two key questions: if the government intends to provide services through social media tools, which set of influential factors will be at play, and which of these factors will be driving versus prevented? Identifying these factors is critical for the government to better understand the factors that influence its decision to enter this field and take more informed steps in this regard. Literature ReviewAccording to Mergel's study in 2016, the adoption of social media in the American government requires careful consideration of two key activities: strategic alignment and routinization. Strategic alignment involves ensuring that the use of social media is in line with the government's overall objectives and priorities, while routinization involves establishing clear processes and procedures for using social media, as well as ensuring that it becomes ingrained in the daily routines of government employees and citizens alike. By taking these factors into account, governments can better ensure that the use of social media for service provision is sustainable and effective.Gregory (2016) examined the relationship between public sector social media usage and citizens' trust in e-government websites. Using a sample of 1100 citizens in Seoul, South Korea, the study found that increased use of e-government websites is negatively correlated with citizens' satisfaction and trust. On the other hand, the findings suggested that the use of social media by the government can lead to higher levels of trust and satisfaction among citizens. While the study was limited to a single city in South Korea, it provides valuable insights into the relationship between government social media usage and public trust.Wukick and Mergel (2016) investigated the repurposing of social media information in American public sector institutions. The study highlighted that government organizations often default to trusted sources of social media information rather than seeking out new sources, and that private institutions may utilize social media to communicate their messages directly to citizens. These findings indicate that the use of social media may be limiting the range of information available to the public and introducing a degree of bias into public discourse.Reddick et al.'s (2017) research studied the utilization of social media, particularly Facebook, in providing government services. The study utilized a double-loop learning theory approach to evaluate the relationship between the government and citizens. The findings showed that the government uses Facebook to modify citizens' behavior toward organizations and promote greater support. Additionally, the study found that social media is effective in monitoring citizens' needs and prioritizing them based on different categories. Overall, this study suggests that social media can be a powerful tool in delivering government services and enhancing communication between the public sector and citizens.Aizhan et al.'s (2017) study examined the utilization of social media in the e-government sector for the public health sector. The research was conducted as a systematic review, in which studies related to the topic were examined. Out of 2441 related studies, 22 were fully examined. The findings of the study suggested that transparency, accountability, public participation, and cooperation were prominent characteristics of using social media in the government service sector. The study aimed at providing insights into the potential benefits of social media for public health services and highlighting the need for further research in this area.Medaglia and Zhu (2017) investigated the use of social media by Chinese government agencies. This study analyzed data from Weibo, a Chinese social media platform, and aimed to understand the public's opinion on government social media accounts. The study used a sample of 417 users and found that there was a lack of engagement and interaction on government social media, leading to a decrease in creative ideas. Additionally, users had a lower evaluation of government social media compared to other platforms. These findings suggest that government agencies may need to reevaluate their strategies for effectively using social media for public outreach.Rodriguez et al.'s (2018) study investigated the strategies employed by different governments to utilize social media for providing services to their citizens. The research was conducted on Latin American local governments and assessed the impact of differing social media strategies on citizen participation in governmental decisions. The findings showed that the use of various social media platforms by local governments can lead to increased engagement from citizens and enhance their participation in decision-making processes.Eom et al. (2018) addressed the issue of "Can social media increase government accountability?" This study was conducted in South Korea. The results of the study showed that the mayor of Seoul plays the most important role in Twitter networks. Especially, the mayor acts as a bridge between different categories of citizens and government officials and follows up on citizens' communications. MethodologyIn order to investigate the drivers and preventers of social media usage for government service delivery in a meta-composite research framework, Sandelowski and Barroso's 7-step meta-Analysis method was utilized. This approach enabled the identification of a suitable number of articles that met the inclusion criteria. After applying the Glynn tool to evaluate the quality of the articles, 39 publications were deemed suitable for inclusion in the final review. A meta-combination method was subsequently used to determine the drivers and preventers of government social media usage for service delivery. The analysis revealed four factors - managerial, organizational, human, and infrastructural - that influenced the effectiveness of social media usage for service delivery. The final decision on the type of effect (propelling or preventive) of each of the factors was made based on a comprehensive review of the literature and an assessment of the existing limitations in the country from this perspective. ResultsIn this research, we sought to find a set of requirements that governments can identify before using social media tools to provide their services to the beneficiaries, and increase their chances of success in managing the service delivery process.As a result, the 4 factors affecting the government's use of social media for service delivery were identified - managerial, organizational, human, and infrastructural. A decision on the type of effect of each factor (propelling or preventive) was made based on the information provided in the research and the limitations that exist in the country with regard to this perspective.The management factors affecting the government's use of social media for service delivery include 4 sub-factors: transparency, enforcement, manager training, and capital budgeting. The study aimed to identify these requirements to increase the chances of success in managing the service delivery process.Managerial factors:1-Transparency sub-factor: preventive2-Executive sub-factor: preventive3-The sub-factor of Manager training: preventive4-Sub-factor of Capital budgeting: preventiveBased on the research findings, it is clear that the government needs to pay attention to the management factors, including transparency, enforcement, manager training, and capital budgeting, when using social media to deliver services. If these factors are not adequately addressed, they may serve as obstacles to the effective use of social media for service delivery. Therefore, it is recommended that the government take into consideration these factors and implement appropriate measures to maximize the benefits of social media-driven service delivery. The organizational factors affecting the government's use of social media for the purpose of providing services include 3 sub-factors of organizational policies, organizational structure and communication, and organizational processes.Organizational factors:1-Sub-factor of organizational policies: preventive2-Organizational structure and communication sub-factor: Preventive3-Sub factor of organizational processes: preventiveIt is imperative to consider the organizational factors, including organizational policies, organizational structure and communication, and organizational processes, when using social media to deliver services. Failure to pay attention to these sub-factors will act as hurdles in the effective use of social media for service delivery.The human factors affecting the government's use of social media for the purpose of providing services can be broken down into four sub-factors: user education, user resistance, usability of the social media platform, and citizens' experience.Human factors:1-User training sub-factor: preventive2-User resistance sub-factor: preventive3-Functionality sub-factor: preventive4-Citizen experience sub-factor: motivatorAfter examining the findings, it is clear that human factors must be taken into account in order for the government to effectively use social media. Specifically, the factors that affect success include: user education, resistance to changing behavior, usability of the social media platform, and citizen's experience. If these factors are not addressed, they can act as obstacles to the effective use of social media. However, the factor of citizen's experience - established and early habituation to using social media - can act as a driving force to encourage the government to adopt social media.The infrastructural factors affecting the government's use of social media for the purpose of providing services include 5 sub-factors of technical infrastructure, financial infrastructure, legal infrastructure, specialized infrastructure and cultural infrastructure.Infrastructural factors:1-Technical infrastructure sub-factor: motivator2-Sub-factor of financial infrastructure: preventive3-Legal infrastructure sub-factor: preventive4-Specialized infrastructure sub-factor: preventive5-Cultural infrastructure sub-factor: preventiveIt has been determined that infrastructural factors, including financial, legal, specialized, and cultural infrastructures, affect the government's use of social media for service delivery. Without these necessary components, the effectiveness of social media for this purpose may decrease. However, since the required technical infrastructure exists in the country and most regions, the infrastructure factor may serve as a driving force for successful implementation. Conclusion The government must be motivated to use social media to serve its beneficiaries. In order for this to happen, it is essential for the government to have the necessary will to provide its services via social media. To achieve this, it is important to identify the set of factors, including advantages (motivators) and obstacles (preventives), which will affect the government's use of social media. These factors should be used to create a positive influence on the government's performance.With the help of motivators and stimulators, governments can increase the speed of their action. By understanding the obstacles that they may face on this path, governments can either independently or through the use of available resources, reduce or eliminate these obstacles, and streamline their actions.
Hossein Kermani; Marziyeh Adham; Amirali Tafreshi
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive and reliable approach to doing social research on Persian Twitter. Twitter has been one of the most favorable social platforms in Iran for years. Despite such popularity, research on Twitter has not been grown as it is supposed to be. Therefore, we are trying to fill ...
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This paper provides a comprehensive and reliable approach to doing social research on Persian Twitter. Twitter has been one of the most favorable social platforms in Iran for years. Despite such popularity, research on Twitter has not been grown as it is supposed to be. Therefore, we are trying to fill this gap by suggesting a complete approach in this article. This approach is based on social network analysis, ethnographic content analysis, and social media critical discourse studies. Combining these methods, we are going beyond the limitations of current approaches which focus on either users or tweets. This approach provides researchers with a convenient method from the selection of gathering data strategy and time to statistical and final analysis. We suggest helpful and reliable concepts and tools to research on Twitter in each step. Moreover, we present a strategy to coding users’ demographic variables in addition to an approach to reach a close and valid reading of tweets. This approach could consist of a convenient basis for future studies.
Amir Hossein Alemi; seyed nooredin razavizadeh
Abstract
Social Media sites are now the main sphere for expressing emotions as well as being affected by news and social issues. Therefore, understanding the nature of this sphere is the root to understand user behavior and the role of cyberspace. In the current study, Instagram was selected, as the most important ...
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Social Media sites are now the main sphere for expressing emotions as well as being affected by news and social issues. Therefore, understanding the nature of this sphere is the root to understand user behavior and the role of cyberspace. In the current study, Instagram was selected, as the most important social media platform among Persian-speaking users (in terms of volume of users), to examine the domestic violence against women as an important social topic that has affected public opinion in recent years. In the current study, the subject of honor killing (murder of Romina Ashrafi) is assessed as one of the most acute forms of domestic violence.Through analyzing the Rumina_Ashrafi hashtag on Instagram, most of the content posted in this social media related to the incident was extracted. Out of 45,800 posts, 33,740 posts were sampled based on the most visits and the highest engagements. Then the content production timeline on Instagram was extracted and the posted content was also categorize using similar hashtags. In addition, during the study, the top posts, the most visited and most participated contents as well as the participating users were identified. Finally, with the netnographic method, the comments of the most visited posts were analyzed and categorized. This study tries to answer what kind of approach and behavior is more likely to be expressed by the social media users in the face of such incidents.
Ali Asghar Kia; Mersedeh Nikbakhsh
Abstract
This research explored the Iranian user's ways of behavior in Instagram as a social networking service from the viewpoint of users’ online interactions and their daily life online representation. According to this, trying to get two main answers: “Recognizing cultural model in user's behaviors” ...
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This research explored the Iranian user's ways of behavior in Instagram as a social networking service from the viewpoint of users’ online interactions and their daily life online representation. According to this, trying to get two main answers: “Recognizing cultural model in user's behaviors” and “identifying reasons and motivations of user's behaviors as a subsidiary purpose”. This research is based on ethnographic methodology and because of having a wide range of perspectives as a characteristic of contemporary ethnography, I used Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical framework and the research method which is used for this purpose named Netnography by Robert Kozinets (2010). Netnography is a specific approach to conducting ethnography on the Internet. It is a qualitative and interpretive research methodology that adapts traditional ethnographic techniques to understand social interaction in contemporary digital communication contexts. The Netnography process in this research is based on the spiraling shells which Kozinets introduced: Introspection, Investigation, Information, Interview, Inspection, Interaction, Immersion, Indexing, Interpretation, Iteration, Instantiation, and Integration. Instagram's active personal pages on the topic of everyday life were considered as the unit of analysis. These page owners were primarily a blogger and some of them were influencers or micro-celebrities. According to this, the pages of Instagram horns or celebrities were not included in this research. The main data has been extracted from users’ captions or comments. The fifty pages with the highest rate of posts have been analyzed as Kozinets advised and their number of followers varied between fifty thousand to three hundred and fifty thousand. These criteria were considered for selection: the page owner displayed a meaningful narrative of her or his daily life in the rich texts, the page owner shared at least one post daily, and the page owner shared posts which are encouraged users to participate in the commenting, the page has a high number of followers, the page gets a high number of comments and replies, the page owner has been famous among the daily life Instagrammers. The tools of data acquisition were participant observation for two years and interviews with the page owners. Description and analysis of findings show that Instagrammers who have daily life pages present an ideal image of their lifestyle, condition, and personality which has formed to “I am good” story. These images in the material dimension refer to consumerism as a valuable symbol of upper-class people. Also, there are interconnections between the methods which are used to access satisfaction in daily life. It seems users are searching for ideals in the virtual space because of the inefficiency and deterrence of political and social situations in the real space. Although users choose the virtual space to share their opinions and feelings and experiences optionally, they try to display and protect optimal and trustworthy network image of themselves. According to this, users’ behaviors in some kinds of contexts (challenging topics especially political and religious subjects) imply self-direction. They are trying to show themselves as the right side and another one as the unfair side and they accuse other positions and they curse their opponents. This position is visible in four fields: the challenging macro issues (such as trust in a government official, election, foreign policy, laws related to women, crisis management, betrayal of spouses, Hijab in Islam, limitations of individual freedom in the public arena, street protest, environmental protection), the issues which show differences in lifestyles, the situation of privacy protection, the difference in interpretation. The users can’t keep their polite appearances in those fields. Although, the page owners try to keep calm, but others don’t try it because they are often anonymous, unlike the page owners. In other contexts (such as the critical or landmark conditions) imply to collectivism which is referred to as “networked individualism”. In-group collectivism has been formed based on the image of “I am good and you are good” and it has been visible in narrative contexts of user’s daily life experiences not in discussions of social issues. General collectivism has been appearing in sensitive and difficult situations especially natural disasters and abnormal events or fateful situations to achieve common targets. Users have used the virtual space as a tool for collective movements with a special ability to organize and a context for being seen as a participant.
Taher Roshandel Arbatani; Saeid Reza Ameli; Mojtaba Hajijafari
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the feasibility of applying user-generated content and is growing as the dominant species in the online content marketing processes and enumerating of the application's content. Content marketing is focused on the production of content by marketers and businesses. Content ...
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This paper aims to investigate the feasibility of applying user-generated content and is growing as the dominant species in the online content marketing processes and enumerating of the application's content. Content marketing is focused on the production of content by marketers and businesses. Content marketing processes and marketing strategies based on a set of valuable content and applications that often by companies, organizations and marketers production and audiences targeted. The basic research question is how and on what pattern user-generated content can be used for content marketing? The study certain types of user-generated content, the comments in social network environments considers cyberspace. Since there is no literature written about content marketing as well as detailed research on the correlation between user-generated content with content marketing is not carried out, the methods of this research based on grounded theory is Glaserian-approach. Comments on this website using grounded theory method examples suffice to provide the necessary theoretical, were recognized and coded four-step process based on data obtained were analyzed through grounded theory to achieve optimal theoretical propositions. Materials for the study of the user-generated-content of a website and user-generated comments Digikala were recognized as the most popular Iranian online store. In the end, based on the five-step process was developed, which include: planning for content marketing, content marketing, production and office related content planning, production and under auspices of the goalkeeper, distribute, communicate and engage with the audience/customer content marketing and content marketing strategy assessment, an analysis of the user-generated comment findings.
reza kamari; Abbas Assadi; Amir Hesam Eshaghi
Abstract
Social networks (mobile platforms) are a pervasive and informal communication network, so it is a good platform for the production and dissemination of significant rumors that have many negative effects on society. Understanding the causes and how this anomalous phenomenon of virtual communication is ...
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Social networks (mobile platforms) are a pervasive and informal communication network, so it is a good platform for the production and dissemination of significant rumors that have many negative effects on society. Understanding the causes and how this anomalous phenomenon of virtual communication is formed and spread is effective in reducing and controlling it.Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying common forms of rumor and its discourse in cyberspace. The research method is qualitative and thematic analysis. The statistical population of recent studies and research in the field of rumors and cyberspace is that after analyzing 30 scientific data (article, dissertation and research project), the results showed: In relation to discourse and format, three main components: discourse structure - format and The context in the production of rumors are often the same and the results are as follows: Content that is changeable, believable, slang, unsubstantiated and unscientific, vague, ambiguous and exaggerated, fiery discourse and indoctrination, truth-seeking, critical, libertarian, human rights, emotional and predictive, as well as specific, social issues - Civil, political and security issues related to "common forms and types of gossip discourse in cyber space" were extracted.
Ardeshir Zaboli-Zadeh; Seeyed Neda Mousavi Mousavi
Abstract
Metaphor in Cognitive Semantics has a completely different meaning from its literal definition and it creates the underpinnings of human thought and cognition. This study demonstrates the necessity of investigating the metaphors used in news discourses. It provides examples of metaphors used in international ...
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Metaphor in Cognitive Semantics has a completely different meaning from its literal definition and it creates the underpinnings of human thought and cognition. This study demonstrates the necessity of investigating the metaphors used in news discourses. It provides examples of metaphors used in international discourses which lead to the creation of pre-designed mental spaces in people’s minds. The main focus of the research is investigation of the role of metaphor in news discourses and the way metaphors create discourse cohesion and ideological shelters. Another section of the study looks into practical strategies that are utilized in production of news content. Metaphorical thinking is unavoidable, especially in complicated and abstract topics like foreign policy. Therefore, it can be concluded that paying attention to metaphors contributes to unveiling the reality.
Abdollah Bicharanlou
Abstract
This paper by referring to the new media space which in different factors influencing the competition between active media have made the today media audiences as segmented audiences, has considered Persian satellite TV networks as one of active elements in this space which through using entertainment ...
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This paper by referring to the new media space which in different factors influencing the competition between active media have made the today media audiences as segmented audiences, has considered Persian satellite TV networks as one of active elements in this space which through using entertainment based programs such as different kind of shows as a form or genre of TV programs, have attracted some of Iranian audiences. In this paper by introducing main Persian TV channels and main entertainment programs broadcasted at 3 satellite TV networks, the factors influencing on attraction of the audiences to these 3 networks have been analyzed. Some suggestions according to the analyses have been suggested to media & cultural policy makers. Focus on entertainment, using structural decorations, focus on considerable presence of women at programs, focus on problem solution, focus on pop culture and art products, managing the schedule of broadcasting program are the main methods used in these networks to attract the audiences.
Mortaza Noor Mohamadi
Abstract
New media is an umbrella term that covers media tools being used in participatory and interactive ways. These technologies, along with the growing influence of international corporations, intergovernmental organizations, and nonstate actors have created a world without boundaries and made the nation ...
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New media is an umbrella term that covers media tools being used in participatory and interactive ways. These technologies, along with the growing influence of international corporations, intergovernmental organizations, and nonstate actors have created a world without boundaries and made the nation state less relevant. Despite the volume of research exploring the use of new media for destructive purposes (terrorism, crime,) on the other hand, very little has been said about the role that new social media, can play for the transformation and prevention of conflicts. The presence and influence of new media on all aspects of human life, including the political, economic and social relations between subnational, national and international, are increasingly expanding. In this regard, this study examines the role that new media can play in resolving conflicts and building peace. Accordingly, the question is that how new media can resolve conflict and peace? The research hypothesis is that new media by changing the attitudes of people and rebuild trust, empowerment of community groups and the diversification of communication channels can Strengthen Fields of democratic settlement of conflict.
