نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات بریتانیا، گروه مطالعات بریتانیا، دانشکده مطالعات جهان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 مطالعات بریتانیا، دانکشده مطالعات جهان، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

کاربرد نظریه برجسته‌سازی در پنجاه‌سالگی خود بسیار فراگیرتر از گذشته شده است و امروزه می‌توان آن را به دو شاخه اصلی برجسته‌سازی سنتی و مدرن تقسیم کرد. بر اساس نظریه برجسته‌سازی، احزاب سیاسی با بهره‌گیری از ابزار رسانه‌ای و بازاریابی سیاسی قادرند توجهات را به موضوعات مورد نظر خود معطوف سازند. برای مدت‌های طولانی، مفروضات اصلی نظریه برجسته‌سازی حول محور روزنامه‌ها و شبکه‌های رادیویی و تلویزیونی -به عنوان رسانه‌های جمعی فراگیر- تنظیم شده بود. با گسترش فناوری‌های ارتباطی و ظهور شبکه‌های اجتماعی، نقش تعیین‌کننده رسانه‌های سنتی در انتخابات به چالش کشیده شده است و امروزه احزاب سیاسی به منظور برجسته‌سازی مواضع و برنامه‌های خود به دنبال استفاده و حضور هرچه بیشتر در شبکه‌های اجتماعی هستند. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با بهره‌مندی از مباحث نظریه برجسته‌سازی و بررسی رفتار رسانه‌ای احزاب بریتانیایی در دو انتخابات عمومی 2015 و 2017، در صدد پاسخ به این پرسش بود که گرایش احزاب بریتانیا به استفاده از رسانه‌های مختلف در دو انتخابات مذکور چگونه بوده است. یافته‌های پژوهش، با تکیه بر یافته‌ها و نتایج مهمترین سازمان‌های آماری بریتانیا و جهان نشان داد که انتخابات عمومی 2015 و 2017 بریتانیا، به ترتیب نقطه عطف و نقطه اوجی در گرایش احزاب بریتانیایی به شبکه‌های اجتماعی به عنوان ابزار برجسته‌سازی در دوران مدرن بوده است. بر این اساس، به نظر می‌رسد شبکه‌های اجتماعی‌ با پایان دادن به دهه‌ها سلطه روزنامه‌ها و شبکه‌های تلویزیونی، در حال مطرح شدن به عنوان رسانه‌های تعیین‌کننده در کارزارهای انتخاباتی هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Political Marketing in Elections: Moving From Traditional Media Agenda-Setting to Modern Case Study: The 2015 and 2017 British General Elections

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sam Mohammadpour 1
  • Younes Shokrkhah 2

1 Ph.D. Candidate in British Studies, Department of British Studies, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 British Studies, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

In its fifties, the application of agenda-setting theory has become much more widespread than in the past, and today it can be divided into two main branches: traditional and modern. Based on agenda-setting theory political parties can focus their attention on the issues they are interested in using media and political marketing tools. For a long time, the theory's main assumptions were centered around newspapers and radio and television channels as the mass media. With the development of communication technologies and the advent of social networks, the decisive role of traditional media in elections has been challenged. Today, political parties seek to use and be more active in social networks to highlight their positions and programs. Concerning this, the present study, exploring the media behaviors of the British parties in the 2015 and 2017 general elections, sought to answer the question of how the British parties' tendencies to media were in the two mentioned-above elections. The research findings, based on the findings of the most important statistical organizations in Britain and the world, show that the 2015 and 2017 British general elections were, respectively, the turning point and the culmination of the tendency of British parties to social networks as a tool of agenda-setting in modern times. Accordingly, social media seems to be ending decades of domination by newspapers and television channels to emerge as the determining media in election campaigns.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agenda-Setting Theory
  • Elections
  • Newspapers
  • Social Networks
  • Television
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