New Media Studies

COVID-19 on Iranian Twitter and Instagram: Discourse Analysis of Users’ Generated Content During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hossein Kermani; Amirali Tafreshi; Amir Mohammad Ghodsi; Alireza Bayat Makou; Ali Atash Zar

Volume 9, Issue 35 , October 2023, , Pages 396-349

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2022.57484.1103

Abstract

Introduction:The present study delves into the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on human life and social interactions, with a particular focus on Iran. The pandemic has substantially ... Read More Introduction:The present study delves into the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on human life and social interactions, with a particular focus on Iran. The pandemic has substantially impacted various facets of human life, resulting in diminishing physical presence in the public sphere to avoid getting infected with the virus, while increasing online interactions on social media platforms. The purposes of this research study include exploring the linguistic constructs developed on Twitter and Instagram in Farsi, during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. The analysis is aimed towards providing a comprehensive comprehension of the underlying meanings constructed and negotiated in the early days of Iran's experience with the COVID-19 crisis, particularly in relation to the presence of power dynamics and hegemonic discourses.Materials and Methods:The aforementioned study implements mixed methodologies, featuring a combination of computational and traditional qualitative approaches, namely SOCIAL network analysis and qualitative content analysis, to elevate the depth and validity of the analysis. Specifically, these methods are used to investigate the social networking components and discussive content present within social media. The data collected in this study entails more than 4 million tweets and Instagram submissions from January 21, 2020, to April 29, 2020. The focus of the Twitter data analysis centered on the retweet network, which acted as the information dispersion network. Following data refinement, the retweet network was extracted, comprising more than 2.5 million tweets. Using a modularity-based community detection algorithm, clusters within the retweet network were identified. Five significant clusters, boasting volumes in excess of 4% of the total network, were identified. Each cluster incorporated a selection of individuals identified as the most influential according to the Pagerank index, indicating the highest tweet circulation in the entire network. A sample of 5056 tweets representing the total tweet population (7658) was randomly drawn, following which they were qualitatively annotated via content analysis to identify the underlying discourses. The agreement coefficient, based on Krippendorff's Alpha, was calculated to be 83%.Discussion and ResultsThe findings of this research unveil a total of 71 micro-discourse constructs, clustered into 16 overarching macro-discourses, that were observed on both Twitter and Instagram during the initial days of the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. Furthermore, the most prevalent micro-discourse formats, sporting the highest frequency counts, were selected for further analysis, resulting in five dominant constructs on Twitter and Instagram each. The investigation of the selected discourses provided insights into their facets and their connection with power dynamics in Iran. Three of the predominant discourse formats were found to be shared between both platforms, with each host possessingConclusionsThis study endeavored to discover and examine the discourses manufactured by Iranian users during the COVID-19 outbreak. The psychological dynamics of these users in the early phases of the pandemic were analyzed in light of Network Framing Theory and Foucault's Discourse Theory. The outcome presents a comprehensive picture of the network agency of Persian users on Twitter and Instagram. Users on Twitter predominantly held a conviction to accuse parties deemed responsible for the outbreak, such as negligence, faith-based assumptions, concealment, and misrepresentation. Meanwhile, Instagram users were positioned as afflicted, either undertaking health preventive measures or suffering the fear and hardships of COVID-19 conditions. This study illustrates that although internet-based networks have encroached on the primacy of conventional media as a leading framing agency, their features and systems still exert a significant influence. Each network highlights distinct frames, with specific content production dynamics, thereby producing diverse discourse constructs. This case study assessed the responses of users during the initial period of the crisis (short-term), but additional research can examine its implications in the medium and long term.

Doing social research on Persian Twitter: An analysis of Iranian users’ activism during Iran’s 2017 presidential election

Hossein Kermani; Marziyeh Adham; Amirali Tafreshi

Volume 7, Issue 25 , March 2021, , Pages 78-37

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2021.54618.1029

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive and reliable approach to doing social research on Persian Twitter. Twitter has been one of the most favorable social platforms in Iran for years. ... Read More

Networked Publics in Farsi Twitter; an Analysis of the Twitter Network Clusters

Hamid Abdollahyan; Hossein Kermani

Volume 6, Issue 22 , July 2020, , Pages 70-100

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2021.44855.784

Abstract

This paper examines how the networked publics on Twitter are taking shape in Iran. While Twitter's role in political events has increased, the systematic study on this issue has not ... Read More

The study of public sphere and communicative action on Telegram: Applying Habermas' notions on Iranian journalists conversations

hadi khaniki; Hossein Kermani

Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2019, , Pages 1-33

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2020.29762.422

Abstract

Alongside with the advent and proliferation of internet usage in societies, more debates on the potentials of internet in reviving or reshaping the public sphere or even creating a ... Read More

The study of the relation between smart phone usage and digital divide in Tehran

Babak Rahimi; Hossein Kermani; Zohreh Alihoseini; Mohammadmahdi Meshkini

Volume 2, Issue 7 , November 2016, , Pages 86-118

https://doi.org/10.22054/cs.2017.14901.100

Abstract

Nowadays, many Iranians are using smart phones. Also, the digital divide problem remains an important issue in contemporary urban Iran. Thus, doing research into the relation between ... Read More

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Author = Kermani, Hossein

COVID-19 on Iranian Twitter and Instagram: Discourse Analysis of Users’ Generated Content During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Doing social research on Persian Twitter: An analysis of Iranian users’ activism during Iran’s 2017 presidential election

Abstract

Networked Publics in Farsi Twitter; an Analysis of the Twitter Network Clusters

Abstract

The study of public sphere and communicative action on Telegram: Applying Habermas' notions on Iranian journalists conversations

Abstract

The study of the relation between smart phone usage and digital divide in Tehran

Abstract