- Berger, Chaffee. 1987. “Social Meanings of News.” in Handbook of Communications Science, by James. Ettema, Charles Whitney & Daniel Wackman. Berkowitz.
- Cissel, Margaret. 2012. “Media Framing: a comparative content analysis on mainstream and alternative news coverage of Occupy Wall Street.” The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications.67-77
- Moy, Patrica, David Tewksbury & Eieke Mark Rinke. 2016. “Agenda-Setting, Priming, and Framing.”The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy.
- Odden, Lee. 2013. What is Content? Learn from 40+ Definitions. 21 March. http://www.toprankblog.com/2013/what-is-content/.