Factors affecting migration of Iranian messenger users of Telegram to WhatsApp instead of domestic messengers after the Telegram filtering

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Marzieh Rahimi 1
Mahdi Mohammadi nasab 2
1 Master of of Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
10.22054/nms.2022.64673.1312
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the migration of Iranian messenger users of Telegram to WhatsApp instead of domestic messengers after the Telegram filtering. This research is explorative applied research. For analyzing factors, the thematic analysis method was used. Then, using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the relationship between these factors was identified by 15 experts. These factors were classified into 5 levels. The results show that three factors: WhatsApp doesn’t need a VPN, voice and video call capability, and WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices, are the most influential factors; and factors like a habit to use foreign messengers, presence of contacts on WhatsApp (popularity), absence of contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity), forming or migrating groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of others, pressure of others to migrate to WhatsApp, negative WOM about domestic messengers and feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers are the most impressive factors.
Keywords: Virtual social network, Social messenger, Domestic messenger, Interpretive structural modeling, WhatsApp, Telegram.
 
 
Main Question:
What are the factors affecting the migration of Iranian Telegram users to WhatsApp instead of migration to domestic messengers after filtering Telegram?
Literature review:
- Consumer behavior
- Behavioral intention
- Virtual social networks and social messengers
- Disadvantages and damages of foreign messengers
 
Research Methodology




Start








Research Overview








Leveling factors








Identifying the affecting factors of the migration of Iranian users from Telegram to WhatsApp after the Telegram filtering








Identifying the most important factors








Thematic Analysis








Screening








With expert’s views








Designing Questionnaire based on interpretive structural modeling standard








Interview








Technique ISM








Determining conceptual relationships between factors




Fig. 1. Research steps.
Findings:
Table 2: The most important factors affecting the migration of Iranian users from Telegram to WhatsApp after the Telegram filtering.




No


Factors


Source






1


Adequate and prior knowledge of WhatsApp


Interview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)




2


Lack of sufficient knowledge of domestic messengers


Interview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)




3


Getting used to using foreign messengers


Interview




4


WhatsApp antiquity and credit


Interview




5


Presence of my contacts on WhatsApp(popularity)


Interview, Zhang et al. (2017), Rabiee and Kermani (2015), Karimian et al. (2017)




6


Absence of my contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity)


Interview




7


WhatsApp is international


Interview




8


Absence of my contacts in Telegram due to VPN problems


Interview




9


Forming or transferring groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of others


Interview




10


Pressure and suggestion of others to migrate to WhatsApp


Interview, Kazemi et al. (2015), Razeghi et al. (2017)




11


Advertise negative word of mouth about domestic messengers


Interview




12


Easy and permanent access, ease of use, and high-speed WhatsApp


Interview, Torino et al. (2016), Kim et al. (2019), Chang et al. (2015), Garcia Martin and Garcia Sanchez (2015), Singh et al. (2015), Kermani and Mozaffari (2018), Zamani and Taghipour (2017), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Hakim Ara et al. (2014), Akbari et al. (2014), Karimian et al. (2017), Rezaei et al. (2016), Heidari et al. (2016), Jafari et al. (2016), Ebrahimi and Ein Ali (2019), Forghani and Mohajeri (2018), Afshani et al. (2018)




13


Hardship use, low speed and delay, and bugs and technical defects in domestic messengers


Interview




14


Difficult access, being time-consuming, low speed, costly, and Telegram inefficiency due to the use of VPN and its frequent disconnection and connection


Interview




15


High security of WhatsApp


Interview




16


Feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers due to their non-encryption and hacking


Interview




17


Lack of trust in domestic messengers


Interview, Farzaneh and Falahati Shahab al-Dini (2015), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Heidari et al. (2016)




18


WhatsApp does not need a VPN


Interview




19


I can do all of my work with WhatsApp


Interview, Forghani and Mohajeri (2017)




20


Attractiveness (due to having a story option) and WhatsApp is beautiful and user-friendly


Interview, Singh et al. (2015), Rezaei et al. (2016)




21


The capability of voice and video call on WhatsApp


Interview




22


WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices and no installation of domestic messengers on mobile phones with the IOS system


Interview, Zhang et al. (2017)




23


Domestic messengers are not beautiful and lack of enjoyment in them


Interview




24


Some channels are not active in domestic messengers


Interview




25


Imitation in domestic messengers from foreign messengers and lack of innovation in domestic messengers


Interview




 
 
 




LEVEL 1


 




3


5


6


9


10


11


16


 








 




LEVEL 2




1


4


19



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 







 








LEVEL 3




7


8


17


24








 




LEVEL 4




2


12


13


14


15


20


23


25



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 







 








LEVEL 5




18


21


22




Fig. 2. ISM research model.
 
 
 
 
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the migration of Iranian messenger users of Telegram to WhatsApp instead of domestic messengers after the Telegram filtering. This research is explorative applied research. For analyzing factors, the thematic analysis method was used. Then, using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the relationship between these factors was identified by 15 experts. These factors were classified into 5 levels. The results show that three factors: WhatsApp doesn’t need a VPN, voice and video call capability, and WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices, are the most influential factors; and factors like a habit to use foreign messengers, presence of contacts on WhatsApp (popularity), absence of contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity), forming or migrating groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of others, pressure of others to migrate to WhatsApp, negative WOM about domestic messengers and feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers are the most impressive factors.
Keywords: Virtual social network, Social messenger, Domestic messenger, Interpretive structural modeling, WhatsApp, Telegram.
 
 
Main Question:
What are the factors affecting the migration of Iranian Telegram users to WhatsApp instead of migration to domestic messengers after filtering Telegram?
Literature review:
- Consumer behavior
- Behavioral intention
- Virtual social networks and social messengers
- Disadvantages and damages of foreign messengers
 
Research Methodology




Start








Research Overview








Leveling factors








Identifying the affecting factors of the migration of Iranian users from Telegram to WhatsApp after the Telegram filtering








Identifying the most important factors








Thematic Analysis








Screening








With expert’s views








Designing Questionnaire based on interpretive structural modeling standard








Interview








Technique ISM








Determining conceptual relationships between factors




Fig. 1. Research steps.
Findings:
Table 2: The most important factors affecting the migration of Iranian users from Telegram to WhatsApp after the Telegram filtering.




No


Factors


Source






1


Adequate and prior knowledge of WhatsApp


Interview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)




2


Lack of sufficient knowledge of domestic messengers


Interview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)




3


Getting used to using foreign messengers


Interview




4


WhatsApp antiquity and credit


Interview




5


Presence of my contacts on WhatsApp(popularity)


Interview, Zhang et al. (2017), Rabiee and Kermani (2015), Karimian et al. (2017)




6


Absence of my contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity)


Interview




7


WhatsApp is international


Interview




8


Absence of my contacts in Telegram due to VPN problems


Interview




9


Forming or transferring groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of others


Interview




10


Pressure and suggestion of others to migrate to WhatsApp


Interview, Kazemi et al. (2015), Razeghi et al. (2017)




11


Advertise negative word of mouth about domestic messengers


Interview




12


Easy and permanent access, ease of use, and high-speed WhatsApp


Interview, Torino et al. (2016), Kim et al. (2019), Chang et al. (2015), Garcia Martin and Garcia Sanchez (2015), Singh et al. (2015), Kermani and Mozaffari (2018), Zamani and Taghipour (2017), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Hakim Ara et al. (2014), Akbari et al. (2014), Karimian et al. (2017), Rezaei et al. (2016), Heidari et al. (2016), Jafari et al. (2016), Ebrahimi and Ein Ali (2019), Forghani and Mohajeri (2018), Afshani et al. (2018)




13


Hardship use, low speed and delay, and bugs and technical defects in domestic messengers


Interview




14


Difficult access, being time-consuming, low speed, costly, and Telegram inefficiency due to the use of VPN and its frequent disconnection and connection


Interview




15


High security of WhatsApp


Interview




16


Feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers due to their non-encryption and hacking


Interview




17


Lack of trust in domestic messengers


Interview, Farzaneh and Falahati Shahab al-Dini (2015), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Heidari et al. (2016)




18


WhatsApp does not need a VPN


Interview




19


I can do all of my work with WhatsApp


Interview, Forghani and Mohajeri (2017)




20


Attractiveness (due to having a story option) and WhatsApp is beautiful and user-friendly


Interview, Singh et al. (2015), Rezaei et al. (2016)




21


The capability of voice and video call on WhatsApp


Interview




22


WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices and no installation of domestic messengers on mobile phones with the IOS system


Interview, Zhang et al. (2017)




23


Domestic messengers are not beautiful and lack of enjoyment in them


Interview




24


Some channels are not active in domestic messengers


Interview




25


Imitation in domestic messengers from foreign messengers and lack of innovation in domestic messengers


Interview




 
 
 




LEVEL 1


 




3


5


6


9


10


11


16


 








 




LEVEL 2




1


4


19



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 







 








LEVEL 3




7


8


17


24








 




LEVEL 4




2


12


13


14


15


20


23


25



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 







 








LEVEL 5




18


21


22




Fig. 2. ISM research model.
 
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the migration of Iranian messenger users of Telegram to WhatsApp instead of domestic messengers after the Telegram filtering. This research is explorative applied research. For analyzing factors, the thematic analysis method was used. Then, using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the relationship between these factors was identified by 15 experts. These factors were classified into 5 levels. The results show that three factors: WhatsApp doesn’t need a VPN, voice and video call capability, and WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices, are the most influential factors; and factors like a habit to use foreign messengers, presence of contacts on WhatsApp (popularity), absence of contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity), forming or migrating groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of others, pressure of others to migrate to WhatsApp, negative WOM about domestic messengers and feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers are the most impressive factors.
Keywords: Virtual social network, Social messenger, Domestic messenger, Interpretive structural modeling, WhatsApp, Telegram.
 
 
Main Question:
What are the factors affecting the migration of Iranian Telegram users to WhatsApp instead of migration to domestic messengers after filtering Telegram?
Literature review:
- Consumer behavior
- Behavioral intention
- Virtual social networks and social messengers
- Disadvantages and damages of foreign messengers
 
Research Methodology




Start








Research Overview








Leveling factors








Identifying the affecting factors of the migration of Iranian users from Telegram to WhatsApp after the Telegram filtering








Identifying the most important factors








Thematic Analysis








Screening








With expert’s views








Designing Questionnaire based on interpretive structural modeling standard








Interview








Technique ISM








Determining conceptual relationships between factors




Fig. 1. Research steps.
Findings:
Table 2: The most important factors affecting the migration of Iranian users from Telegram to WhatsApp after the Telegram filtering.




No


Factors


Source






1


Adequate and prior knowledge of WhatsApp


Interview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)




2


Lack of sufficient knowledge of domestic messengers


Interview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)




3


Getting used to using foreign messengers


Interview




4


WhatsApp antiquity and credit


Interview




5


Presence of my contacts on WhatsApp(popularity)


Interview, Zhang et al. (2017), Rabiee and Kermani (2015), Karimian et al. (2017)




6


Absence of my contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity)


Interview




7


WhatsApp is international


Interview




8


Absence of my contacts in Telegram due to VPN problems


Interview




9


Forming or transferring groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of others


Interview




10


Pressure and suggestion of others to migrate to WhatsApp


Interview, Kazemi et al. (2015), Razeghi et al. (2017)




11


Advertise negative word of mouth about domestic messengers


Interview




12


Easy and permanent access, ease of use, and high-speed WhatsApp


Interview, Torino et al. (2016), Kim et al. (2019), Chang et al. (2015), Garcia Martin and Garcia Sanchez (2015), Singh et al. (2015), Kermani and Mozaffari (2018), Zamani and Taghipour (2017), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Hakim Ara et al. (2014), Akbari et al. (2014), Karimian et al. (2017), Rezaei et al. (2016), Heidari et al. (2016), Jafari et al. (2016), Ebrahimi and Ein Ali (2019), Forghani and Mohajeri (2018), Afshani et al. (2018)




13


Hardship use, low speed and delay, and bugs and technical defects in domestic messengers


Interview




14


Difficult access, being time-consuming, low speed, costly, and Telegram inefficiency due to the use of VPN and its frequent disconnection and connection


Interview




15


High security of WhatsApp


Interview




16


Feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers due to their non-encryption and hacking


Interview




17


Lack of trust in domestic messengers


Interview, Farzaneh and Falahati Shahab al-Dini (2015), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Heidari et al. (2016)




18


WhatsApp does not need a VPN


Interview




19


I can do all of my work with WhatsApp


Interview, Forghani and Mohajeri (2017)




20


Attractiveness (due to having a story option) and WhatsApp is beautiful and user-friendly


Interview, Singh et al. (2015), Rezaei et al. (2016)




21


The capability of voice and video call on WhatsApp


Interview




22


WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices and no installation of domestic messengers on mobile phones with the IOS system


Interview, Zhang et al. (2017)




23


Domestic messengers are not beautiful and lack of enjoyment in them


Interview




24


Some channels are not active in domestic messengers


Interview




25


Imitation in domestic messengers from foreign messengers and lack of innovation in domestic messengers


Interview




 
 
 




LEVEL 1


 




3


5


6


9


10


11


16


 








 




LEVEL 2




1


4


19



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 







 








LEVEL 3




7


8


17


24








 




LEVEL 4




2


12


13


14


15


20


23


25



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 







 








LEVEL 5




18


21


22




Fig. 2. ISM research model.
 
 
 
 
Fig. 3. Driving Power and Dependence Power matrix.
 
 
 
 
Fig. 3. Driving Power and Dependence Power matrix.
 
 
Keywords
Virtual social network
Social messenger
Domestic messenger
Interpretive structural modeling
WhatsApp
Telegram
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