- Benjamin, Walter. (1969). The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, in Hannah Arendt (ed.), (Harry Zohn, trans), Illuminations(pp: 217-251). New York: Schocken Books.
- Campos, Ricardo, & Simões, José Alberto. (2014). “Digital Participation at the Margins: Online Circuits of Rap Music by Portuguese Afro Descendant Youth”. Young, No.1, PP: 87–106.
- Donald, James. (1999). “The city, the cinema: Modern spaces. In Chris Jenks (Ed.), Visual Culture” (pp.77-95), London: Rutledge.
- Foucault, Michel. (1995). “Discipline and punish”.(Alan Sheridan Trans.). New York: Vintage Books print.
- Foster, Hal. (1988). “Vision and Visuality”.United States of America: Bay Press.
- Marquard, Smith. (2008). “Visual Culture Studies: History, Theory, Practice”, In Marquard Smith (Ed.), Visual Culture Studies (pp. 1-17). Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore: Age publications.
- Mitchell, W.J.T. (2002). “Showing seeing: a critique of visual culture”, journal of visual culture, No.2, PP: 165-181.
- Mirzoeff, Nicholas. (2002). “Ther visual culture Reader”, New York: Routledge.
- Muñoz, José Esteban. (1996). ‘Ephemera as Evidence: Introductory Notes to Queer Acts’, Woman & Performance: A Journal of Feminist Theory, No.2, PP: 5–16.
- Rose, Gillian. (2002). “Visual Methodologies”, London. Thousand Oaks: New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
- Van Dijck, José, (2011), “You have one identity’: performing the self on Facebook and LinkedIn”. Media, Culture & Society, No.2, PP: 199-215.
- Waite, Catherine, & Bourke, Lisa. (2013). “Using the cyborg to re-think young people's uses of Facebook”. Sociology, No.0, PP: 1– 16.
- Zhao, Shanyang; Grasmuck, Sherri, & Martin, Jason. (2008). “Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships”. Computers in Human Behavior, No. 5, PP: 1816–1836.