- Al - Tamami, A.J. (2014), Key Updates on Iraq’s Sunni Insurgent Groups, Brown Moses Blog.
- Atwan, A. B. (2006), The Secret History ofAl Qaeda, London: Abacus.
- Bergen, P (2005), The Osama bin Laden I Know, New York: Free Press,
- Bergen, P., Schuster, H., Nasr, O., & Eedle, P. (2005), Al Qaeda‘s Media Strategy. Al Qaeda Now: Understanding Today‘s Terrorists.
- Campbell, Jan. (2005), Film and Cinema Spectatorship, Melodrama and Mimesis, Blackwell Pub.
- Center, C. T. (2007), Cracks in the foundation: leadership schisms in al-Qa’ida 1989–2006, Harmony Project Reports, US Military Academy at Westpoint, NY.
- Davis, P. K., & Jenkins, B. M. (2002), Deterrence and Influence in Counterterrorism: A Component in the War on al Qaeda, Santa Monica, Calif. In RAND Corporation, MR-1619-DARPA. As of November 3, 2009:
http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1619/Defense
- Science Board. (2004). Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Preventing and Defending Against Clandestine Nuclear Attacks.
- Forrest, JJF (ed.) (2009), Influence Warfare: How Terrorists and Governments Fight to Shape Perceptions in a War of Ideas, Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.
- Habermas, Jurgen (1987), The Theory of Communicative Action. vol. 2: Life world and system: a critque of functionalist reason, trans by: Thomas Mccarthy. Boston: Beacon Press.
- Hall, stuart (1995), The local and the global: globalization and Ethnicity, Available at:
- Hegghammer, T. (2005), Al-Qaida Statements 2003-2004-a Compilation of Translated Texts by Usama Bin Laden and Ayman Al-Zawahiri. FFI. FFI/rapport-2005/01428, 2005.
- Ingram, J. Haroro. (13 June 2016), An analysis of Islamic State’s Dabiq magazine, (Online) Journal homepage:
- Monaci, Sara. (2017),
Explaining the Islamic State’s Online Media Strategy: A Transmedia Approach, International Journal of Communication 11, Available at
http://ijoc.org.
- Kahler, M. (2009), Collective action and clandestine Networks: The case of al Qaeda, Networked politics Agency, power, and governance.
- Katzman, K. (2015), The Islamic State Crisis and U.S Policy, Congressional Research Service, CRS Report 7-5700.
- Kirdar, M. J. (2011), Al Qaeda in Iraq, Center for Strategic and International Studies.
- Kopley, T. (1994), Religious Education: Developing Primary Teaching Skills, London: Routledge.
- Lieberman, J., & Collins, S. (2008), Violent Islamist extremism, the internet, and the homegrown terrorist threat, United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, 11.
- McLuhan, M. (1964), Understanding Media. 1964. Dres den.
- Neumann, PR (2008), Joining Al Qaeda: Jihadist Recruitment in Europe, London: International Institute for Strategic Studies
- Rogan, H. (2007), Al-Qaeda’s online media strategies: from Abu Reuter to Irhabi, 007. FFI/Report, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, 2729.
- Stern, Jessica and J. M. Berger (2015), ISIS: The State of Terror. Ecco.
- Stout ME, Huckabey JM, Schindler JR, et al. (2008), The Terrorist Perspectives Project: Strategic and Operational Views of Al Qaida and Associated Movements, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
- Torres, M. R., Jordán, J., & Horsburgh, N. (2006), Analysis and evolution of the global jihadist movement propaganda, Terrorism and Political Violence, 18 (3).
- Rumiyah. (2017), Allah Cast Terror into Their Hearts, Issue 15, Available at:
- Weimann, G. (2006), Virtual disputes: The use of the Internet for terrorist debates, Studies in conflict & terrorism, 29(7), 623-639.
- Weimann, G. (2014), New terrorism and new media, Washington, DC: Commons Lab of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars