New Media Studies

Lived experiences of using social media among girls from the 2000s

fahimeh zare; mohammad taghi karami

Volume 11, Issue 41 , April 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.62282.1251

Abstract

در عصر جدید با توجه به رشد سریع تکنولوژی‌های جدید اطلاعات و ارتباطات و به دلیل قابلیت‌های ویژه‌ی آنها، ... Read More در عصر جدید با توجه به رشد سریع تکنولوژی‌های جدید اطلاعات و ارتباطات و به دلیل قابلیت‌های ویژه‌ی آنها، استفاده از فناوری‌های نوین به بخشی از زندگی روزمره افراد مبدل گردیده است که جنبه‌های مختلف زندگی انسان را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد(شرودر،1401، 137). شبکه‌های اجتماعی مجازی به دلیل ارائه‌ی خدمات متنوع، امکانات وسیع ایجاد شده و تسهیل ارتباطات در فضای مجازی یکی از بانفوذترین تکنولوژی‌های ارتباطی جدید است(کافی و شعاع هاشمی، 1401، 7). با ورود این شبکه‌ها به حوزه‌ی تعاملات انسانی، سبک جدیدی از ارتباطات شکل گرفت که دارای ویژگی‌های خاصی است و با ایجاد ارتباط در دنیای واقعی متفاوت است. ارتباط در فضای مجازی، فارغ از محدودیت هایی همچون زمان و مکان است و همزمان می‌توان با گستره‌ی وسیعی از افراد ارتباط گرفت(ذکایی و ویسی، 1399، 42). ضمن آنکه ناشناس ماندن ویژگی منحصر به فردی است که کاربر را از قیودی همچون جنسیت، طبقه، نژاد و قومیت رها می‌کند. راه اندازی فضایی مناسب برای کنش متقابل افراد با یکدیگر و دریافت انبوهی از اطلاعات در کمترین زمان ممکن، با هزینه‌ی پایین، توجه کاربران زیادی را از سراسر جهان جلب کرده است(یعقوبی‌دوست، 1399، 127- 137).یکی از گروه‌های فعال در شبکه‌های اجتماعی مجازی نوجوانان هستند. شبکه‌های اجتماعی، نوجوانان را با اندیشه‌ها و گرایش‌هایی آشنا میکند که برون‌ریزی احساسی و عقلانی بیشتری برایشان فراهم می‌آورد. آنها می‌توانند از طریق این رسانه دنیا را در بستر جهانی ببینند و وارد فضایی شوند که حتی افرادی که به گروه‌های محروم جامعه تعلق دارند نیز بتوانند در آن حضور پیدا کنند. وقتی منابع اطلاعاتی در دسترس کودکان و نوجوانان نسل شبکه قرار داشته باشد، جستجوی اطلاعات و دسترسی به آن و بیان نظرهایشان را حق بنیادی خود خواهند دانست (سعدی‌پور،1392، 154).برای بسیاری از نوجوانان شبکه‌های اجتماعی مجازی، منبع اصلی اطلاعات، سرگرمی و ابزار مهمی برای ارتباط است( خلیلی آذر، 1392، 158). امروزه نوجوانان اوقات فراغت خود را بیش از پیش در خلوت سپری می کنند و برای سرگرم شدن به طور فزاینده‌ای به رسانه‌های جدید متکی هستند و از جامعه دوری میکنند(ذکایی، 1383، 45). از نظر باکینگهام ، قدرت فردیِ در حال شکل‌گیری ناشی از رسانه‌های دیجیتال در مناسبات اجتماعی نوجوانان در محیط خانواده و عرصه عمومی تأثیرگذار بوده است. طبق پژوهش وی این تغییرات برای دختران آشکارتر بوده است. در مجموع، افزایش آزادی و قدرت انتخاب یکی از دستاوردهای رسانه‌های دیجیتالی برای نوجوانان است ) باکینگهام، 2008، 19 به نقل از صادقی فسایی و عرفان منش، 97، 7). غالب پژوهش‌های انجام شده در ایران که به بررسی تأثیرات فضای مجازی و تکنولوژی‌های نوین ارتباطی بر نوجوانان پرداخته‌اند، با رویکردهای روان‌شناختی این موضوع را مطالعه کرده‌ و نسبت به بررسی وجوه جامعه‌شناختی آن، پژوهش-های کمتری صورت گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر قصد داریم با استفاده از دیدگاه جامعه‌شناختی به فهم و تحلیل تجربه‌ی زیسته‌ی دختران دهه هشتادی از حضور در شبکه‌های اجتماعی مجازی بپردازیم. اهمیت این پژوهش از آن روست که تکنولوژی‌های نوین ارتباطی، تجربیات، احساسات و نگرش های جدید برای دختران دهه هشتادی رقم زده و به دلیل آنکه این دختران بخش اعظم از سرمایه‌ی انسانی در آینده‌ی جامعه‌ی ایرانی را رقم می‌زنند، فهم و شناخت زیست جهان آنها در فضای مجازی، شناخت صحیح رفتارها، گرایش‌ها و نگرش‌های آنها در دنیای واقعی را تسهیل کرده و به برنامه‌ریزان فرهنگی و سیاست گذاران کمک می‌کند.چی ای بارنز در سال 1954 برای اولین بار اصطلاح شبکه‌های اجتماعی را به کار برد. در نظریه شبکه اجتماعی سنتی، شبکه اجتماعی مجموعه‌ای از نهادهای اجتماعی شامل مردم و سازمان هاست که از طریق مجموعه‌ای از روابط معنادار اجتماعی به صورت چهره به چهره با یکدیگر تعامل دارند، اما شبکه‌های اجتماعی امروزه، بیشتر بر جامعه مجازی متمرکزند و منظور مجموعه پایگاه‌های اینترنتی مبتنی بر وب 2 است( افشاریان،1396، 123).هایدمان در پژوهش خود بیان می‌کند که شبکه‌های اجتماعی مجازی یکی از سریع‌ترین خدمات در حال رشد در اینترنت است که تبدیل ب یک رسانه‌ی جهانی شده است. علاقه، نیاز و هدف مشترک به عاملی پیوند دهنده در شبکه‌های مجازی تبدیل میشود به گونه‌ای که کاربران حتی بدون حضور فیزیکی در کنار یکدیگر این احساس را دارند که در یک جمع واقعی به سر میبرند(heidemann,2010). شبکه‌های اجتماعی مجازی به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین رسانه‌های اجتماعی عصر حاضر با ظرفیت و امکانات ویژه‌ی خود، بستری مناسب برای ایجاد گفتگوهای عمومی در بین افراد گوناگون که در آن فضا از جایگاه برابری برخوردارند و همگان می‌توانند در آنها مشارکت کنند، ایجاد کرده است. این شبکه‌ها تعاملی، سریع، دارای روابط افقی، ساده(از نظر استفاده) و اصولاً مبتنی بر گفتگو و مباحثه هستند(Kaplan& Haenlein,2010 به نقل از کرمانی و خانیکی، 1398، 2).اشخاصی که در یک شبکه اجتماعی مجازی فعال هستند، گر چه که ممکن است به لحاظ منطقه جغرافیایی از یکدیگر جدا باشند، اما تجربه‌ی یکسانی از فضای مجازی و قوانین حاکم بر آن دارند و تاریخچه‌ی مشترکی را با یکدیگر رقم می‌زنند. کاربران آنلاین، علاوه بر رهایی از محدودیت‌های مکانی، به لحاظ ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و نقش‌های اجتماعی دنیای واقعی خویش نیز آزاد هستند. کاربران در ارتباطات مجازی این فرصت را دارند با استفاده از فضای گمنامی، خود درونی خویش را ابراز کرده و شخصیت دلخواه خود را تجربه کنند. در این رویکرد، ارتباطات مجازی نوع نوینی از ارتباط اجتماعی است که محدود به ملاقات چهره به چهره با افراد نیست و کاربران در یک گستره‌ی جهانی می‌توانند با دیگران ارتباط بگیرند(Bargh, 2002).

Transmedia Journalism Strategies in Iran

Sina Khosro; Neda Saidi

Volume 11, Issue 41 , April 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.75899.1634

Abstract

This study investigates the application of transmedia storytelling strategies within the journalism sector in Iran, aiming to enhance adaptability and interactivity in media communications ... Read More This study investigates the application of transmedia storytelling strategies within the journalism sector in Iran, aiming to enhance adaptability and interactivity in media communications in light of the challenges posed by the digital era. As traditional journalism grapples with transformative pressures stemming from economic fluctuations, shifts in audience behavior, and intense competition from digital platforms, the adoption of transmedia journalism emerges as a promising avenue for improving audience engagement and bolstering media resilience.Transmedia storytelling refers to the technique of telling a single story or story experience across multiple platforms and formats, allowing for a richer and more immersive narrative. This research employs a Delphi-based qualitative methodology, complemented by a SWOT analysis, to identify effective strategies and assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with transmedia journalism in Iran. The Delphi method facilitates expert consensus on the most pertinent issues facing Iranian journalism today, while the SWOT analysis provides a structured framework for understanding the current landscape.The findings reveal that transmedia storytelling significantly enriches media content by enabling narratives to unfold across various platforms. This multi-platform approach not only deepens audience comprehension but also fosters a more interactive and participatory media experience. Specifically, transmedia strategies enhance audience loyalty and engagement by creating a flexible and immersive news consumption model that aligns with the evolving expectations of contemporary digital audiences. By allowing stories to be experienced through different media—such as text, video, social media interactions, and user-generated content—transmedia journalism creates a layered narrative that resonates more deeply with audiences.The SWOT analysis conducted in this study indicates that transmedia journalism in Iran is strategically positioned for developmental initiatives. The approach enhances the narrative capacity of media organizations, as each platform contributes unique elements to the overall story. This diversification not only makes news delivery more engaging but also allows for a more nuanced exploration of complex issues. The research underscores the necessity of developing a supportive infrastructure that includes technical resources, regulatory frameworks, and strategic investments to fully harness the potential of transmedia journalism.However, several key barriers hinder the effective implementation of transmedia strategies in Iran. These include restricted access to international digital platforms due to regulatory constraints and an inadequate technological infrastructure necessary for widespread multimedia distribution. High costs associated with adopting advanced technologies and technical dependencies particularly limit the ability of media organizations to implement transmedia strategies effectively. This is especially critical for immediate news coverage, where speed is essential. Despite these challenges, the study emphasizes that embracing transmedia methods can significantly improve the efficacy and audience reach of Iranian journalism, particularly among digitally savvy users who are accustomed to interactive content.Transmedia journalism aligns closely with concepts of participatory culture and collective intelligence, empowering audiences to transition from passive consumers into active participants in content creation. This shift reflects broader trends in media convergence as theorized by scholars like Henry Jenkins, who argue that converging media allows journalists to provide comprehensive, multi-perspective news experiences. The convergence of platforms enables simultaneous delivery of events across multiple formats, supporting richer and more multidimensional news narratives.The theoretical framework of this study distinguishes among multimedia, cross-media, and transmedia storytelling. While multimedia employs various media forms within a single platform and cross-media disseminates identical content across multiple channels, transmedia storytelling diversifies content across platforms with each contributing unique narrative elements. This diversification enables transmedia journalism to create comprehensive stories that engage diverse audience segments by developing distinct yet interconnected story elements across different media.Despite its potential benefits, transmedia journalism in Iran faces several limitations including economic barriers, technological gaps, and restricted access to global digital platforms. These challenges impede the media sector’s ability to fully capitalize on transmedia storytelling techniques and present content interactively. Additionally, high costs associated with adopting new technologies can deter media organizations from exploring innovative storytelling methods. However, the adaptability inherent in transmedia approaches offers advantages in collaborative storytelling and long-term media projects that can foster deeper connections with audiences.The potential of transmedia journalism in Iran extends beyond mere content delivery; it provides platforms for underrepresented voices and fosters a collaborative media environment where diverse perspectives can be shared. The formation of “fan communities” around specific narratives encourages audience loyalty while digital convergence enables broader revenue generation opportunities for media outlets. By incorporating collective intelligence into their storytelling practices, audiences actively contribute insights and perspectives that enrich news narratives and promote social engagement within the Iranian media context.In conclusion, this study recommends establishing domestic platforms that support transmedia storytelling as a means to circumvent restrictions on international platforms. It advocates for regulatory policies that facilitate media convergence and foster innovation within a structured environment conducive to growth. By investing in the necessary technological infrastructure and regulatory frameworks for transmedia journalism, Iran can leverage the transformative potential of transmedia storytelling to engage audiences effectively, create immersive content experiences, and enhance its competitive position within the rapidly evolving digital landscape. Ultimately, this research underscores the importance of adapting journalistic practices to meet the needs of modern audiences while navigating the complexities of Iran's unique media environment.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Iran's Advertising Industry: Challenges and Opportunities

Mahdiye Sadedasht; reza saberii

Volume 11, Issue 41 , April 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.81940.1756

Abstract

Artificial intelligence has revolutionized various industries over the past few years, and the advertising industry is no exception. Integrating AI into different stages of advertising ... Read More Artificial intelligence has revolutionized various industries over the past few years, and the advertising industry is no exception. Integrating AI into different stages of advertising has become increasingly prevalent. This research aimed to investigate the applications of AI in global advertising and to answer the question of how AI has been utilized in the Iranian advertising industry. Additionally, we sought to identify the challenges and opportunities presented by AI for the Iranian advertising sector. A qualitative research approach was employed, using snowball sampling to conduct in-depth, semi-structured interviews with six experts in the fields of advertising and AI. Following data collection, transcription, and initial coding, 20 primary codes were identified and subsequently categorized into three core categories in the second stage of coding. The first core category, "Challenges facing the Iranian advertising industry in adopting AI," addressed issues such as sanctions, internet filtering, limited big data availability in Iran, the dollar-based pricing of AI services, and other relevant factors. The second core category, "Opportunities presented by AI for the Iranian advertising industry," focused on cost reduction, increased speed of ad production, and optimized human resources. The third core category, "Necessary actions for advertising companies to adopt AI," was the main topic of discussion. This research reveals a two-fold categorization of artificial intelligence (AI) utilization in Iranian advertising: individual and industrialized. Individual AI utilization involves advertising professionals independently learning and employing a limited set of AI tools to meet specific job requirements. This approach encounters various challenges, including the financial burden of purchasing accounts, big data complexities, language compatibility issues (particularly with Persian), and other obstacles. Industrialized AI utilization refers to the commercial development and integration of AI into advertising processes. This necessitates paid AI solutions, enabling the input of textual data for training AI models for advertising purposes. Industrialization can mitigate many challenges faced by individuals, as large advertising firms possess greater financial resources to acquire AI tools, circumvent sanctions and censorship, and justify the cost of multiple AI accounts due to diverse clientele. The industrialization of AI in advertising has seemingly created a novel business model unprecedented in scale. This new business segment may potentially surpass the entire pre-AI advertising industry. Given that the adoption of AI in Iranian advertising is still in its early stages, there is currently no systematic framework or widespread use. limited endeavors have been undertaken in "consumer insight discovery" utilizing AI. These efforts primarily involve serving tailored advertisements based on a few consumer queries or website dwell time. However, comprehensive consumer insight discovery necessitates the collection of big data and data mining. In other stages of the advertising process, AI utilization is either non-existent or rudimentary. Currently, Iran's advertising industry prioritizes AI for designing and producing advertising content. The most common application of AI in the Iranian advertising industry is in the design and production of advertising content. Consequently, there's a growing focus on prompt writing, aiming to optimize AI outputs through precise instructions. Not many applications were found for the sections 'media planning' and 'evaluation and feedback' in Iran. One reason cited for the underutilization of AI in these stages was the perception that they are part of the broader marketing process, distinct from advertising and that the Iranian advertising industry is more focused on content creation. Another limiting factor for AI adoption in these stages is the scarcity of domestic big data and challenges in accessing it. It's important to note that AI-generated advertising is still heavily reliant on human intervention, and the entire advertising production process is not fully automated. A major challenge in the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) within Iran's advertising industry is the reductionist tendency to view AI as a mere 'tool' and its limited, personalized use. This perspective confines AI to a narrow range of applications, failing to recognize its potential to revolutionize industries. While AI has introduced a new paradigm into the global landscape, its portrayal as a content generation tool falls short of capturing its full potential in advertising. The industrialization of AI, enabling personalized content creation for each brand is of greater significance than simple content generation. The desire of advertising companies to grow and develop is a crucial factor in their willingness to embark on this new path. Understanding AI and leveraging the vast opportunities it presents has become an undeniable necessity for advertising professionals.

Studying the image of "university professor" on Instagram

Baharak Mahmoudi

Volume 11, Issue 41 , April 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2024.77131.1650

Abstract

Virtual space as a new platform for communication between the present and the absent, and even the absent with the absent, has created opportunities to expand the field of criticism ... Read More Virtual space as a new platform for communication between the present and the absent, and even the absent with the absent, has created opportunities to expand the field of criticism and opinion, which has elevated the communication needs of today's human beings and expanded the possibility of exposure of the communication parties.Among the common social networks in Iran today, Instagram is still very important; Because by focusing on photos or videos sent by users, which can be accompanied by explanations, it has become a medium that organizes a huge part of users' awareness and understanding of each other or the celebrities present in that space.Before the emergence of virtual space and social networks, the relationship between teacher and student was subject to confrontations and difficult and inflexible ideas; In this way, except for the face-to-face and brief contact of the student with the teacher, who was far away from him in terms of knowledge and social status, there was no referenceable basis to complete the students' mental image of the teachers. Over time, with the rise and spread of social networks, this distant relationship turned into a closer and more visible relationship, during which the master exposed parts of his daily life and the objective aspects of his lifestyle to the public, and at its request, The students and other members of the virtual pages of these professors also find a rich and available opportunity to complete their information from them.This is how it seems that the (active) presence of professors in social networks has provided users with a different and more attainable image than what was available before by revealing and clarifying their lives and mentalities; Transparency, which, although it can be the essence and logic of this space, will undoubtedly challenge the traditional and unattainable position of a professor.What is intended in this research is to study how and classify the different forms of presence of university professors on Instagram and to understand the patterns through which they display aspects of their lives. Therefore, the question is, how do faculty members of Iranian universities in different disciplines portray "themselves" and their lives on Instagram?Therefore, how is the position of professor implemented and how can different forms of professors' presence in this social network be classified? Also, by studying these pages and classifying them, is it possible to find a difference in the way faculty members implement their identity in different educational fields, including technical, experimental, and humanities, and describe this difference?The purpose of writing this article is to study and classify different forms of presence of university professors on Instagram. A platform that allows its users, including university professors, to showcase themselves and their lives. Images that can challenge the authority and function of hierarchy existing in the relationship between professor and student and give it a different atmosphere. This study, which started with an exploratory approach in the first step, was completed with the digital ethnographic method.Now the question is, how do the faculty members of Iranian universities in different fields depict "themselves" and their lives on Instagram? Therefore, how is the position of a professor implemented and how can different forms of professors' presence in this social network be classified? Another thing is, by studying these pages and classifying them, is it possible to understand the difference in the implementation of the identity of faculty members in different educational fields, including technical, experimental, and humanities, and describe this difference?This is how it seems that the (active) presence of professors in social networks has given users a different and more attainable image than what was available before by revealing and clarifying their lives and mentalities. Transparency, which can be the essence and logic of this space, but will undoubtedly challenge the traditional and unattainable position of a professor.After studying twenty user accounts in three fields of humanities, art and technical engineering, it was concluded that the presence of university professors on Instagram can be seen with four identities: academic, occasion, everyday and reactive. The data of this research shows that the mechanism of Instagram and the rules of presence in it, by removing the information veil between professors and their followers, leads to the normalization of the professor's identity and the disappearance of their traditional holy aura in this space.

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Networked Communication of the Iranian Family: Exploring How Spouses Redefine Privacy and Surveillance

Saied Reza Ameli Renani; Abdollah Bicharanlou; Mansoureh Hajjari

Volume 11, Issue 41 , April 2025, Pages 174-129

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.77313.1655

Abstract

The impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), particularly the Internet, has led to the creation of two closely linked spheres of daily life, wherein daily life is ... Read More The impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), particularly the Internet, has led to the creation of two closely linked spheres of daily life, wherein daily life is formed in these two different yet interconnected spaces. In the modern era, media has undeniably become an intrinsic component of the daily routine within family life. The primary focus of the upcoming study is to investigate how the utilization of ICTs has influenced the communication processes and practices within the family (couples' relationship). A pivotal question to be examined pertains to how couples redefine the demarcations of privacy and surveillance within their relationship. Within the dual spacification model of the family, various concepts have undergone semantic reconstruction, including home space, presence at home, family communication, family roles and obligations, privacy, and a myriad of other interrelated factors. Drawing upon recent theories of privacy, a new balance between control and communication has emerged in the realm of social media communication: control is diminishing, while communication, or rather, power, is on the rise. In this research project, a semi-structured interview was conducted with three distinct groups of participants: the first being spouses, the second comprised of informants, and the third consisting of psychologists and couple therapists. In total, 47 individuals were involved in the study. The perception of privacy boundaries by spouses is bifurcated into two distinct organized themes: one is termed "self-boundaries," and the other is labeled as "dyadic boundaries." Within both perspectives, spouses propose a diverse array of interpretations regarding privacy, which are encompassed under the theme of "liquid privacy." Private and public boundaries, along with the notion of ownership over the dissemination of information, prove to be fluid concepts undergoing change. Consistent with the individualization of family members' actions within the emergent domain of virtual existence, spouses seem to be reconceptualizing the concept of privacy and surveillance in this new space, and are experiencing these matters in a novel and unique manner within the fabric of their joint lives. Extended Abstract: Introduction In the modern era, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), particularly the Internet, have facilitated the emergence of two interconnected spheres of daily life, where daily life and lifestyle are shaped within these two discrete yet intimately linked spaces. In the contemporary era, media has indisputably evolved into an integral component of the daily regimen within family life. Cellphones signify an expansive communication network that can be accessed concurrently with family members. The intricate digital ecosystems have transformed the interaction space experienced by spouses, and this shift in communication has introduced a novel interactive experience within the everyday lives of family members. These alterations have significantly impacted the caliber of daily life, as well as the most intimate aspects of family members' experiences. Notably, research conducted in recent times has suggested that interactive technologies have come to be regarded as an integral component of the sub-system of spouses' relationships. ICTs, or Information and Communication Technologies, introduce a novel dimension within the relationship between spouses, which can influence the emotional dynamics and intimacy. This is particularly significant as it is imperative for both parties within the relationship to feel secure and trust each other in order for the relationship to thrive. The primary focus of the forthcoming research entails examining how the utilization of ICTs has affected the communication processes and practices within the family, specifically couples’ relationship. The central query of this study examines how couples are reconceptualizing the boundaries of privacy and surveillance? According to the dual spacification model of the family, as defined by the coordinates of the virtual space, various concepts, such as home space, presence at home, family communication, family roles and duties, privacy, and numerous other related issues, exhibit a semantic reconstruction. Moreover, the context in which the family is situated has also undergone transformation. The second space refers to a real virtual space materializing within an individual's digital domain, and it possesses inherent features such as interactivity, decentralization, wide access, and the potential for multiple, diverse, yet simultaneously distinct choices that diverge from conventional daily life experiences. Traditional theories concerning privacy have considered control to be pivotal in the understanding of the concept. Trust and norms are considered crucial in the maintenance of privacy. Indeed, communication is pivotal to the establishment of trust and norms. Trust and norms serve as the privacy mechanisms representing crystallized private communication. Within the realm of social media communication, there is now a new equilibrium between control and communication, with control diminishing and communication garnering greater prominence. In other words, users do not prioritize control above all else, but rather endeavor to foster norms and trust. Interpersonal communication, in effect, serves to redefine privacy. Method The investigative process involved three distinct groups of participants subjected to semi-structured interviews, namely: the first group consisting of the spouses; the second group composed of informants, and the third group comprising psychologists and couple therapists, amounting to a total of 47 individuals. Additionally, the information for 23 individuals was directly gathered, and further samples were procured through couple therapists and informants. The initial group consists of the spouses themselves, with each example representative of users possessing the following traits: they were born between the years 1360 and 1380, and they actively utilize a range of virtual platforms, instant messaging services, and social networks. Additionally, they commonly maintain their own Instagram profile or identify as gamers, etc. Result The perception of privacy boundaries among spouses is bifurcated into two distinctly arranged themes: one theme is referred to as "self bounderise," and the second theme is labeled "dyadic bounderise." Within both perspectives, spouses put forth a variegated range of viewpoints regarding privacy, which fall under the theme of "liquid privacy." The users exhibit divergent attitudes toward privacy. An analysis of the content of the interviews reveals that two organized themes emerge under the overarching theme of "liquid privacy": "Redefining privacy within the communication sphere of spouses" and "Redefining privacy outside the communication sphere of spouses." Within each of these organized themes, basic themes are further delineated. Wives' perspectives on control and surveillance within cyberspace encompass a spectrum of 5 themes, which can be visualized as follows: some respondents and clients believe that there should be no monitoring of the spouse's activities in their shared life, whereas others advocate for surveillance related solely to "social media activity." An additional group of respondents highlights the issue of "media consumption by spouses" and stresses the importance of monitoring the content their partners consume. In addition, certain respondents openly discuss family-related matters and consider sharing family photos and other connected material. Ultimately, some individuals advocate for thorough and all-encompassing monitoring of their spouse's digital presence. Conclusion The framework of social networks tends to incite individuals to seek visibility and exposure. Consequently, many personal actions have morphed into public acts. Within this context, the demarcations delineating private and public domain become increasingly blurry. Certain cyberspace users argue that any information pertaining to themselves or their spouse holds their intellectual property rights, thereby justifying its dissemination to the general populace. Such users regard external intervention as an infringement upon their private sphere. In the evolving virtual realm, the actions of family members become increasingly individuated, leading to a reconceptualization of privacy and surveillance boundaries within the new space. In their shared lives, spouses encounter these issues in novel and distinct ways, thereby redefining the concepts of private action, public action, private matters, public matters, as well as the sense of ownership over disclosure. In this dynamic process, users engage in the renegotiation of clear boundaries between the private and public domains, the concepts of privacy versus areas of joint control, and the absence of surveillance. Consequently, a fluid and diverse spectrum of interpretations regarding privacy materializes, contingent upon the specific platform, type of content, perceived rights over information, relationship timeline, and individual agreements between spouses concerning rules and boundaries.

The analysis of authoritative political discourses of X concerning Iranian 12th parliamentary election

Mohsen Goudarzi

Volume 11, Issue 41 , April 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.79011.1687

Abstract

Social media platforms play a prominent role in the construction of various political discourses. Among these platforms, the X social network (formerly Twitter) stands out as one of ... Read More Social media platforms play a prominent role in the construction of various political discourses. Among these platforms, the X social network (formerly Twitter) stands out as one of the most popular social media platforms for political actors in Iran. This activity intensifies during political events such as parliamentary elections, effectively providing a relative assessment of political and social views and insights. Various political discourses emerge from this collection of insights, views, perspectives, and political viewpoints. This research aims to identify the political discourses that emerged and gained authority around the 12th Iranian Parliament elections on the X social network. To this end, the network of likes for electoral content was visualized using Gephi software, and the authority variable was calculated. Then, a critical analysis of the authoritative discourses was conducted using Fairclough's approach. The research findings revealed that the official, reformist and moderate, principlist, critical, opposition, and monarchist discourses were the discourses formed around the parliamentary elections. Moreover, the evolution of the most authoritative discourses surrounding the parliamentary elections begins with the official discourse and ends with the critical and unofficial discourse. Complaints about the prevalence of immorality and vulgarity; the necessity of avoiding labeling expert candidates; and the need for rational political action were among the components of the critical discourse. The X network's authoritative discourses around the parliamentary elections consistently employed the language of sarcasm and humor in different time periods. It seems that this type of language serves as a means of expressing opinions with no consequences.The X social network, formerly known as Twitter, was launched in 2006 and quickly became one of the leading social media platforms. In 2016, it was claimed that 313 million people were active users of this social network per month. In 2018, the name "Twitter" appeared in the titles of approximately 61,300 academic articles, and this number is still growing. X has been described as the "nervous system of the planet" and the "global newsroom," hosting a massive amount of online data about social behavior and communication (Burgess & Baym, 2022: 3). In recent years, this social network has played a special role in political and social events around the world. This role has prompted researchers and experts in media studies to pay special attention to X in their political and social research.The aim of this research is to study the X social network in more depth and to examine its discursive dimensions concerning the 12th Iranian Parliament elections in February 2024, as one of the most important political events in Iran. This election is the first to be held after the protests of 2023, and examining its various aspects can be a key to understanding many of Iran's political issues.According to statistics published by the Beta Research Center in 2023, the number of Iranian X users was about 3.2 million. Naturally, this number of active users of a social network allows for the creation of various types of political discourse on the X social network, discourses that are not confined to the media and are connected to different layers of individual and social life in Iran. To be more precise, discursive knowledge can be considered the closest and deepest form of knowledge about society; discourse analysis considers language and text as social objects that are seen by critical theory as facilitating and reproducing relations of power and domination (Forchtner, 2017: 267).A more precise understanding of the political discourses on X about political events such as elections leads to a deeper understanding of society. This is because media discourses, especially those on social media, emerge from societal issues and directly impact social cognition. This can be considered important by policymakers and political planners, leading to precise social, political, and economic policies. On the other hand, neglecting the mechanisms and discursive elements governing the important social media platform X can result in a deep gap between people of society and politicians. This can create more ambiguity for the government/sovereignty.Marchant et al. (2016) analyzed different communities on Twitter and the impact of advertising campaigns on the 2016 Iranian parliamentary elections. They identified 46 categories of users, from human rights activists to reformist and principlist political commentators, tech advocates, and literature enthusiasts. The researchers found that while a significant portion of Twitter content is political, a group of users are engaged in everyday writing, posting jokes, nonsense, and flirtatious messages. Another finding of the study was the widespread presence of Iranians living abroad who connect with activists and journalists inside Iran. The research emphasizes that the mutual ties between these two groups are considerably high, providing an opportunity for those distanced from the political atmosphere inside Iran to engage in the development of political and social discourses within the country.Numerous studies have also focused on the political activism of citizens and users on Twitter. Chen (2011) concluded that a significant part of people's activity on Twitter should be analyzed in terms of their need to connect with others. Also, Li and Oh (2013) found that information seeking and socialization, meaning connecting with others and building a network aligned with one's values and needs, are among the main reasons people join and use Twitter. Hosch-Dayican et al. (2016) concluded that the political function of Twitter for individuals is nothing more than expressing dissatisfaction with political issues and topics. In fact, people use Twitter to express their dissatisfaction about politics rather than promoting political candidates or parties.Colleoni et al. (2014) discovered other dimensions of Twitter usage. They described the behavior of users on social media as "homophilic." This means that users often only connect with a political party that is closest to their own political position and views. This phenomenon can be best described by the concept of "echo chambers." In other words, users' activities on Twitter are such that they are only exposed to their own desired views and opinions, greatly limiting the possibility of engaging with different views and opposing ideas. Such these Ideas have developed by scholars like Conover et al. (2021). They have been insisted on polarized communities in Twitter.

Pathology of Competition Systems in Iran's Virtual Media Structure

Hatef Pourrashidi Alibigloo; Mehran Samadi; Ebrahim Kafshdar Tusi

Volume 11, Issue 41 , April 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.81090.1740

Abstract

Virtual media are Internet-based applications that allow users to create and exchange content. The free and easy access to these media has led to intense competition for audience attention ... Read More Virtual media are Internet-based applications that allow users to create and exchange content. The free and easy access to these media has led to intense competition for audience attention and high income. This research aims to diagnose the issues within the competitive system of the Iranian virtual media structure. It is exploratory in terms of its applied purpose, approach, and qualitative data analysis.To design the model based on the grounded theory method, a group of media experts, university professors, executive managers, and consultants were selected and interviewed in depth. The sampling method was purposeful, and this process continued until theoretical saturation was reached, resulting in 15 interviews being conducted. The research results led to the creation of a process model outlining the damages related to the competitive system in the Iranian virtual media structure. The hypothetical relationships within the model were tested and confirmed. The damages identified include legal obstacles (unstable laws and policies, regulatory problems), infrastructure issues, filtering, software and hardware equipment challenges, shortcomings of existing business models, resistance to digitalization, changing needs, and media technologies.Given the global nature of media competition, this research aims to identify local damages and contribute to a deeper understanding of competitive phenomena within the virtual media field in a national context. By comparing with international experiences, the research provides policymakers and activists in this field with more innovative and comprehensive insightsVirtual media are Internet-based applications that allow users to create and exchange content. The free and easy access to these media has led to intense competition for audience attention and high income. This research aims to diagnose the issues within the competitive system of the Iranian virtual media structure. It is exploratory in terms of its applied purpose, approach, and qualitative data analysis.To design the model based on the grounded theory method, a group of media experts, university professors, executive managers, and consultants were selected and interviewed in depth. The sampling method was purposeful, and this process continued until theoretical saturation was reached, resulting in 15 interviews being conducted. The research results led to the creation of a process model outlining the damages related to the competitive system in the Iranian virtual media structure. The hypothetical relationships within the model were tested and confirmed. The damages identified include legal obstacles (unstable laws and policies, regulatory problems), infrastructure issues, filtering, software and hardware equipment challenges, shortcomings of existing business models, resistance to digitalization, changing needs, and media technologies.Given the global nature of media competition, this research aims to identify local damages and contribute to a deeper understanding of competitive phenomena within the virtual media field in a national context. By comparing with international experiences, the research provides policymakers and activists in this field with more innovative and comprehensive insightsVirtual media are Internet-based applications that allow users to create and exchange content. The free and easy access to these media has led to intense competition for audience attention and high income. This research aims to diagnose the issues within the competitive system of the Iranian virtual media structure. It is exploratory in terms of its applied purpose, approach, and qualitative data analysis.To design the model based on the grounded theory method, a group of media experts, university professors, executive managers, and consultants were selected and interviewed in depth. The sampling method was purposeful, and this process continued until theoretical saturation was reached, resulting in 15 interviews being conducted. The research results led to the creation of a process model outlining the damages related to the competitive system in the Iranian virtual media structure. The hypothetical relationships within the model were tested and confirmed. The damages identified include legal obstacles (unstable laws and policies, regulatory problems), infrastructure issues, filtering, software and hardware equipment challenges, shortcomings of existing business models, resistance to digitalization, changing needs, and media technologies.Given the global nature of media competition, this research aims to identify local damages and contribute to a deeper understanding of competitive phenomena within the virtual media field in a national context. By comparing with international experiences, the research provides policymakers and activists in this field with more innovative and comprehensive insightsVirtual media are Internet-based applications that allow users to create and exchange content. The free and easy access to these media has led to intense competition for audience attention and high income. This research aims to diagnose the issues within the competitive system of the Iranian virtual media structure. It is exploratory in terms of its applied purpose, approach, and qualitative data analysis.To design the model based on the grounded theory method, a group of media experts, university professors, executive managers, and consultants were selected and interviewed in depth. The sampling method was purposeful, and this process continued until theoretical saturation was reached, resulting in 15 interviews being conducted. The research results led to the creation of a process model outlining the damages related to the competitive system in the Iranian virtual media structure. The hypothetical relationships within the model were tested and confirmed. The damages identified include legal obstacles (unstable laws and policies, regulatory problems), infrastructure issues, filtering, software and hardware equipment challenges, shortcomings of existing business models, resistance to digitalization, changing needs, and media technologies.Given the global nature of media competition, this research aims to identify local damages and contribute to a deeper understanding of competitive phenomena within the virtual media field in a national context. By comparing with international experiences, the research provides policymakers and activists in this field with more innovative and comprehensive insights

relationship between parents' media literacy and digital addiction in high school students in Qom 1403

faezeh farhoodi

Volume 11, Issue 41 , April 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.82698.1775

Abstract

Abstract:The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between parents' media literacy and the level of addiction to digital media in female high school students in ... Read More Abstract:The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between parents' media literacy and the level of addiction to digital media in female high school students in Qom province in 1403. This research applied a quantitative approach (descriptive survey) to collect data. The statistical population was secondary school female students in Qom province in 1403. Using the Cochran formula, 257 people were considered as a statistical sample after completing the questionnaires. The data collection tool was Yang et al.'s (1998) 20-question questionnaire. The results indicated a significant and negative relationship between all dimensions of parents' media literacy (cognitive, emotional, aesthetic, and moral dimensions derived from Potter's theory of media literacy) and addiction to digital media in the target students. Based on the findings of the research, it seems necessary for school administrators, in cooperation with the Supreme Council of Cyber Space and other relevant institutions, to have a written plan and policy for teaching media literacy to families, especially parents, and to implement it seriously and continuously on their agenda.In the current research, the relationship between parents (specially mothers)' media literacy level and digital media addiction of female high school students in Qom province in 1403 was investigated. The results of this research indicate a negative relationship, as parents' media literacy increases, the level of addiction to digital media among students decreases. These findings align with Elizabeth Tamman's media literacy theory, which emphasizes the importance of personal planning in media usage. This planning helps individuals choose the messages they consume and avoid unnecessary media consumption.The results of this study emphasize the importance of increasing parents' media literacy to influence their children's media consumption patterns. Continuous research with diverse populations is necessary to develop effective policies and strategies for teaching media literacy to individuals of all ages and backgrounds.Based on the findings of the present research, it was determined that 102 students have a moderate level of addiction to digital media. The media literacy of 92 parents in the cognitive dimension is high, while 104 parents have a high level in the emotional dimension, 119 in the aesthetic dimension, and 115 in the ethical dimension. Thus, among the media literacy dimensions, the ethical dimension is prioritized first, followed by the aesthetic dimension, then the emotional dimension, and finally the cognitive dimension among parents. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between the dimensions of parents' media literacy and addiction to digital media. The significance level in all dimensions of media literacy was less than 0.05, indicating that there is a relationship between all dimensions of media literacy and addiction to digital media. This coefficient is negative across all dimensions, meaning that as the dimensions of parents' media literacy increase, the level of addiction to digital media among students decreases. Moral dimension (Spearman's correlation coefficient -0.312) in the first priority, emotional dimension in the second priority (-0.257), cognitive dimension (-0.145) in the third priority, and finally aesthetic dimension (-0.117) have an inverse relationship with addiction to digital media. Therefore, there is a significant negative relationship between the dimensions of parents' media literacy and addiction to digital media among students, confirming hypotheses 1 to 4. Additionally, the results indicated that there is a significant relationship between parents' age and addiction to digital media among high school girls in Qom province in 2024, as the significance level is 0.002, which is less than 0.05. There is also a significant relationship between parents' education level and addiction to digital media among high school girls in Qom province in 2024 since the significance level is 0.000, which is also less than 0.05. Given that the Chi-square coefficient in this research for education level is 46.035 and then for age it is 21.079, it can be concluded that parents' education level has a stronger relationship with students' addiction to digital media compared to their age.Future research should consider the mediating role of parents' cultural identity, religiosity, lifestyle, and social capital in addressing children's electronic addiction. Additionally, studies on electronic game addiction from individual, family, and societal perspectives, as well as developing an ideal model for using digital media in Iranian families with an Islamic approach, should be explored.

The Emotional Dialectics in a Dual Lifeworld: Analyzing Users' Interaction Patterns in Virtual Space

seyed noureddin razavizadeh

Volume 11, Issue 41 , April 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.83788.1806

Abstract

Technological advancements in recent decades have led to the widespread use of social media platforms. These platforms have become an integral part of daily life, bringing with them ... Read More Technological advancements in recent decades have led to the widespread use of social media platforms. These platforms have become an integral part of daily life, bringing with them numerous psychological and social implications for users. Social media facilitates broad communication, the sharing of emotions, and the creation of online identities. However, alongside its advantages, this digital space also poses challenges such as loneliness, social anxiety, and psychological isolation. A key focus of this study is the role of social media in the representation and experience of emotions among users. The virtual space allows individuals to manage their emotions, yet this emotional management often brings about negative aspects, including limited self-disclosure, contradictions between virtual and real-life behaviors, and the exacerbation of loneliness. Previous research has explored the impact of social media on enhancing or diminishing life satisfaction. Two key aspects of social media interactions are examined: (1) the opportunities it provides for emotional representation and (2) the limitations caused by the absence of non-verbal cues. This qualitative study investigates how Iranian social media users express, manage, and experience their emotions, as well as the factors contributing to their sense of loneliness. **Literature Review** Prior studies have demonstrated the dual role of social media in users’ lives. On the one hand, it enables faster communication and access to vast information; on the other hand, it may intensify feelings of loneliness and reduce life satisfaction. 1. **Chou and Edge (2012):** Their study revealed that observing others' lives on social media can evoke feelings of inadequacy, as social comparisons often lead to decreased life satisfaction. 2. **Nowland et al. (2018):** This research examined the relationship between social media use and loneliness, finding that excessive engagement with virtual platforms can reduce the depth of face-to-face connections. 3. **Walther (1996):** The study introduced the theory of computer-mediated communication (CMC), explaining how the absence of non-verbal cues in virtual interactions alters their quality compared to in-person interactions. **Theoretical Framework** 1. **Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) Theory:** This theory posits that digital communication lacks non-verbal cues such as body language, eye contact, and vocal tone. Instead, users rely on digital tools like emojis and stickers, which cannot fully replace the depth of face-to-face interactions (Walther, 1996). 2. **Social Comparison Theory:** Proposed by Festinger (1954), this theory suggests that individuals evaluate themselves by comparing their lives and behaviors with others. On social media, such comparisons are often skewed, as users tend to share only the highlights of their lives. 3. **Symbolic Interaction Theory:** Emphasizing the importance of symbols and meanings in social interactions (Blumer, 1969), this theory explains how users utilize digital symbols to convey emotions and identities. However, these symbols are inherently limited and fail to foster profound connections. 4. **Information Overload Theory:** This theory explains the psychological effects of receiving an overwhelming volume of information in a short period (Eppler & Mengis, 2004). Continuous exposure to diverse and often conflicting content on social media can result in stress and mental fatigue. **Connection Between Literature and Theories with the Study** Building upon these theories, this research examines the impact of social media on emotional representation, management, and the emergence of loneliness. The findings suggest that despite its facilitation of communication, social media often fails to fulfill users’ emotional and social needs, occasionally exacerbating psychological challenges. **Methodology** This qualitative study employs thematic analysis and in-depth interviews. The study population consists of social media users aged 18–35, with a purposive sample of 15 active users. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis was used for data interpretation. To enhance validity and reliability, participant feedback and peer review were employed. **Findings** The findings are categorized into several main and sub-themes, each highlighting an aspect of social media’s impact on users' emotions and behaviors. 1. **Purposeful Emotional Representation:** - **Positive Emotion Sharing:** Users share joyful moments to attract attention and enhance their social image. - **Selective Self-Disclosure:** Negative aspects of life are often concealed to project an idealized self. 2. **Emotional Management in Virtual Spaces:** - **Anonymity for Negative Expressions:** Users often resort to anonymous accounts to express negative emotions freely. - **Content Removal After Negative Feedback:** Users delete posts that receive unfavorable reactions. 3. **Psychological Effects of Social Media:** - **Carryover of Virtual Emotions:** Emotions experienced online influence real-life interactions. - **Superficial Nature of Virtual Emotions:** Emotions in virtual spaces are often transient and lack depth. 4. **Loneliness Among Social Media Users:** - **Shallow Interactions:** Relationships in virtual spaces are typically superficial and lack emotional depth. - **Social Comparisons:** Observing seemingly perfect lives online leads to feelings of inadequacy. - **Absence of Face-to-Face Connections:** Virtual interactions cannot replace real-life relationships. 5. **Limitations of Virtual Communication:** - **Inadequate Emotional Expression:** The absence of non-verbal cues often leads to misunderstandings. **Discussion and Conclusion** This study reveals that while social media facilitates extensive communication, it falls short in addressing users’ emotional needs. Loneliness emerges as a significant psychological consequence, exacerbated by superficial interactions, social comparisons, and the lack of real-life connections. Additionally, emotional management and the inherent limitations of virtual communication contribute to users' isolation.

Investigating the impact of new media in shaping the consumption patterns of Iranian society

Karim Nematiaghdam; Nasim Majidi; Aliasghar Keya

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 February 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2024.70227.1465

Abstract

Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of modern media in the apparent changes in the Iranian society's culture, which research method was carried ... Read More Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of modern media in the apparent changes in the Iranian society's culture, which research method was carried out without relying on popular theories and with the Grounded Theory (GT) method. In this method, after explaining the elements and features of the message, the relationship between the elements of communication and the background and consequences (or effects) of the communication process can also be addressed in an inferential way. ) Online data culture based on the Likert scale and two methods of decoding by another researcher and member review method were used and analyzed based on the database theory with Glazerian approach. The findings of this research show that the Iranian society has become extroverted due to the expansion of social networks. And virtual social networks are so influential in the appearance of Iranians' lives that people look for superficial issues (such as the role of consumer culture in anthropology, ideological factors, rhetoric and impracticality of reforming consumption patterns, the use of self-made patterns to reform consumption, lack of media planning in promoting and recognizing patterns consumption, the influence of celebrities on mass media, especially Instagram, and the exchange of information by word of mouth) have accepted changes in the type and form of consumption culture day by day. And in conclusion, it is proposed to form an institution for prudent supervision in the space of virtual advertising. The results and findings of the research were such that the Iranian society has become extroverted due to the expansion of social networks. and virtual social networks in the apparent context of Iranian life, people looking for superficial issues, the role of consumer culture in people, as well as ideological factors, the sloganeering and impracticality of reforming consumption patterns, the use of self-made patterns to reform consumption, the media's lack of planning in promoting and recognizing consumption patterns, the influence of celebrities in social media, especially Instagram and exchanging information by word of mouth; It has caused changes in the type and form of consumption culture day by day. And it is obvious that reforming the process of social affairs in this field will not be possible apart from the guidance approach which is based on scientific and applied studies of needs assessment and adapting the current culture to the goals of human development. Research findings show that policymakers should consider consumer control over the information they are exposed to in social networks and Instagram. The power of the media, both positive and negative, still dominates the representations of people and their concerns. Less time for celebrities, lower costs for product development or promotional products, more creative product ideas, and greater product acceptance were some of the benefits cited, and celebrity endorsement appears to be important when communicating marketing messages. And they have considerable credibility. This shows that it is essential for brands to use Instagram effectively when determining their target audience; They should pay attention to what kind of fame and notoriety can be most effective in attracting a specific target group. The interviewers indicated that the lower-scale celebrity types were most influential, as these categories were perceived as more believable and relevant to users, especially with regard to purchasing decisions as the products and services they endorsed were more cost-effective for participants. Therefore, in choosing a celebrity, policy makers should focus more on a brand that customers can relate to. Due to the change of governments, today's government focuses more on Iran's foreign policy and economy. An institution that is necessary to monitor Iranian culture in the country's media to hold this industry responsible for representing Islamic Iranian culture. Although radio and television stations are required to allocate a certain amount of broadcast time to Iranian content with Islamic culture, which is regulated by the Communications and Telecommunications Commission and most of the Iranian Broadcasting Corporation, the products that the most visited Instagram pages in the field of promoting consumer products are usually free of charge. They will support Iranian brand-making companies regarding Iranian consumer products. As in other countries, young people in Iran care about their style, the only differences they have compared to others is the limitation in appearance and the absence of an organized system to work on consumer products. This system is mostly based on people and their interaction with other groups in the society. They are consumers, importers, personal designers and groups of creative young people who, inspired by global culture, create new trends to create domestic trends that will be more applicable in Iran's situation. Diversity in the age and social position of people and differences in their views lead to diversity in their tastes and classify them in different stages of accepting new trends, and different people in different stages of acceptance follow the same process of accepting innovations, but according to their local conditions. These conditions have caused integration and some changes in the stages of product diversification and its consumption among Iranians. Some people try to choose products and consume them by imitating others in order to achieve social status without paying special attention to their social position. The system offers a variety of products and needs to meet the emerging needs of larger groups of consumers who are mostly young and interested in new products, but our limitations Keywords: culture, virtual networks, Instagram, consumer goods

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A Review of Selected Blockchain Applications in Media and Entertainment Industry: Futures Studies Approach

Mohammad Mahdi Mowlaei; Seddigheh Sakhaei

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 September 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2024.80582.1732

Abstract

IntroductionOne of the emerging technologies that have had a great impact on our digital life in the last decade is called blockchain technology, which provides the possibility of creating ... Read More IntroductionOne of the emerging technologies that have had a great impact on our digital life in the last decade is called blockchain technology, which provides the possibility of creating a revolution in the way of business and social interaction. Blockchain is a distributed peer-to-peer database that provides the technology to decentralize systems, ensuring the distribution and storage of data and transactions. This technology has great potential for development in the media and entertainment industry and will bring transformation in this industry. These developments include production mechanisms, content assurance, digital rights management, and discussions of censorship and user security. Among the advantages that can be described for blockchain are transparency, financial facilitation platforms, elimination of middlemen, increased trust and security, decentralization and non-manipulation.MethodologyUsing several methods, this research aims to study the future of blockchain in media and entertainment industry. In this research, some methods have been used to identify blockchain applications in the media and entertainment industry, and global studies and literature have been examined. Also, news in a certain period were analyzed.To analyze the news, we first selected four of the popular websites in a targeted manner. Related news, have been searched in a three-year period (2019 to 2022). After an initial evaluation of the content of four websites, due to the existence of duplicate news and due to the existing restrictions in Iran for full access to the content of other selected websites, finally only Cointelegraph.com website was selected as a reference site. Related news was searched based on keywords in media and entertainment sections. The news that had technical and specialized topics were removed, and the rest of the news was subjected to content analysis. In this way, 320 news were examined for the keywords considered in the media and entertainment sections, which were selected by removing the technical and specialized news that were related to media topics and media sections, which includes 75 news. Then, thematic analysis was done on these media contents as well as related scientific articles and reports.ResultsAs a result, twelve applications were identified in the media and entertainment industry, which include: 1. Dealing with fake news and rumors; 2. Removing advertising robots; 3. Ensuring the free circulation of information; 4. Dealing with plagiarism; 5. Improving user security; 6. Facilitating crowdfunding; 7. Eliminating media industry intermediaries; 8. The possibility of international financial exchange; 9. Authentication of the audience; 10. Realization of metaverse ideas; 11. Platform for creating social media platform; 12. Improving the loyalty of the audience through the fan token.The analysis of news articles reveals that combating fake news is currently the largest application of blockchain in the media and entertainment industry, surpassing other potential uses. Conversely, improving user security and international financial exchange have received the least attention, followed closely by authentication and facilitating crowdfunding. This suggests that the industry prioritizes truthfulness and credibility, but may be underutilizing blockchain's potential for secure financial transactions and authentication protocols. Further research is needed to explore these underdeveloped applications and optimize blockchain's capabilities in the media and entertainment sector.ConclusionBlockchain, as a new technology, has great potential to transform various fields, including the media and entertainment industry. Diffusion of innovation theory helps to further understand the subject and shows that new technologies are adopted by different groups of people at different stages. In the case of blockchain in the media and entertainment industry, early adopters may be content creators who want the potential for greater control over their work and increased revenue streams. As time goes on, more and more people will use blockchain-based platforms to create and distribute content in the future. Blockchain has the potential to revolutionize the media and entertainment industry by enabling greater collaboration between creators, distributors and audiences while reducing reliance on centralized intermediaries. As adoption increases over time, we may see new business models emerge. Models that provide better services to all stakeholders of this ecosystem.The findings of the research, which are the applications of blockchain in the field of media and entertainment, can be placed in three groups from the point of view of realization in the present or future. First, identifying the applications that have been implemented in a practical and technical way. Second, identifying applications that are practically and technically in the experimental stage in the world and will probably expand more in the future. Thirdly, the applications that have not been tested practically and technically in the world and only researches have been done in this field. It is expected that these applications will be implemented first on a trial basis and then finally in the next ten years.

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Digital health in the comprehensive health communication system in Iran

farzaneh koohi; seyedali rahmanzadeh; Ali Asghar Kia; seyedreza naghibulsadat

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 October 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2024.81833.1755

Abstract

The development of new technologies has turned digital health into an effective approach to improving health communications and services. This study aims to identify the components ... Read More The development of new technologies has turned digital health into an effective approach to improving health communications and services. This study aims to identify the components and elements of digital health in the comprehensive health communications system in Iran, using Rogers's theory of diffusion of innovation, and analyzes the current state of digital health in the country. The research method was based on SWOT analysis and using purposeful non-probability sampling from experts in the field of health and communications.The findings show that the existence of national health systems, the use of artificial intelligence, and citizens' acceptance of online services are among the most important strengths of digital health in Iran. On the other hand, the lack of a comprehensive legal framework, the lack of integration of systems, and structural resistance to technological changes are among the main obstacles to the diffusion of innovation. Also, opportunities such as the development of self-care applications and the expansion of social media, along with threats such as the digital divide and cybersecurity risks, play a decisive role in the success or failure of this transformation. Based on the five stages of Rogers' theory (knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, consolidation), the research results show that digital health in Iran is still in the early stages of acceptance. To advance this transformation, it is necessary to formulate integrated policies, develop technological and security infrastructures, develop a culture of interdisciplinary cooperation, and provide targeted information and education to the public to promote digital health literacy.Introduction: Digital health in the field of health communications can improve the quality of health services and facilitate access to health information. Despite the progress made in recent years, digital health in Iran still faces challenges. In addition, digital health has not been fully examined from the perspective of a comprehensive health communications system, and there is insufficient understanding of its elements and components to improve interaction between patients, service providers, researchers, and policymakers. This lack of knowledge prevents the full exploitation of technological capacities in promoting community health and highlights the need for comprehensive research in this area.Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the elements and components of digital health in the comprehensive health communication system in Iran. The findings of this study can help improve health communication, facilitate interaction between stakeholders, and move from the current situation to the desired situation.In this regard, paying attention to the stages of acceptance and expansion of innovations in society, such as how people become familiar with technology, encourage its use, decide to accept it, and consolidate it in daily behaviors, can play an important role in analyzing and improving the acceptance of digital health.Previous studies have shown that information and communication technology is very effective in health care and health education. International studies also emphasize that the development of social media and digital tools can improve access, participation, and quality of health services. However, the lack of complete infrastructure and heavy reliance on traditional processes are serious obstacles to the acceptance of digital health.Methodology: This study was conducted using SWOT analysis and purposeful probability sampling of experts in the field of health and communication. And data analysis was done with SPSS software. The main research question is "What are the most important elements and components of digital health in a comprehensive health communication system?" In this study, the gap technique was used to assess the gap between the current situation and the desired situation, which provides the type of strategies needed to achieve the desired situation. The statistical population of this study includes experts in the field of communication and health experts with scientific and executive backgrounds in the field of communication and media and the health system.Discussion and Results: The results showed that the most important strengths include the existence of national digital health systems, the use of artificial intelligence, the growing acceptance of citizens of online services and the production of digital educational content. Major weaknesses also include the lack of a comprehensive legal framework, the lack of integration of systems, structural resistance and weak communication infrastructure. Opportunities include the development of self-care applications and the use of social media, and threats include the digital divide and cybersecurity risks. Analysis based on Rogers's theory of diffusion of innovation shows that digital health in Iran is in the awareness and encouragement stage, and the transition to the decision, implementation, and consolidation stages requires integrated policymaking, infrastructure development, and promotion of digital health literacy.Conclusion: Digital health in Iran has great potential, but full utilization of these capacities requires the removal of legal, managerial, and infrastructural barriers. The proposed strategies include developing a comprehensive legal framework, strengthening technological infrastructure and cybersecurity, promoting digital health literacy, and attracting active citizen participation. Implementing these strategies can improve interaction among stakeholders and achieve a sustainable and efficient digital health system in Iran.

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مطالعه شیوه های ارتباط هواداران زن با سوییت هوم بلاگرهای اینستاگرام

somayeh shalchi; fatemeh norozi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 February 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.79338.1694

Abstract

Virtual networks have become an integral part of human life, especially in the last decade. Thanks to the availability of smartphones at varying prices, people can now easily access ... Read More Virtual networks have become an integral part of human life, especially in the last decade. Thanks to the availability of smartphones at varying prices, people can now easily access all kinds of virtual networks that were once inaccessible before 2010. Instagram, a powerful social platform, has gained immense popularity among global users, particularly Iranians, as Iran is among the top ten countries in terms of Instagram usage. It is crucial to examine and understand the effects of this virtual network on people in different ways. As technology has made incredible progress in recent years, introducing new tools and features into people's lives every month, social researchers need to keep up-to-date research in this field. This research specifically focuses on Sweet Home bloggers, who are well-known among Iranian users, and their fans on Instagram. The aim is to understand the nature of their relationship. Firstly, we will explore how fans define the relationship between themselves and Sweet Home bloggers and identify the factors that influence their understanding of this relationship. Finally, we will investigate how the content produced by Sweet Home bloggers is perceived and understood by their fans. Qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews with 21 active female audiences who consider themselves fans of one of the five Sweet Home bloggers on Instagram, were used in this research. Through thematic analysis of the data obtained, we identified five main themes. The first theme focused on the level of awareness and understanding of the content on Sweet Home's pages. We found that there was sometimes a deep mistrust towards the content produced by the blogger. The second theme explored how the audience perceives themselves and the blogger with Sweet Home. We found that one group of fans completely identified themselves with the blogger, while another group did not relate to similar bloggers. In this study, we explore several themes related to blogging on Instagram. Firstly, we analyze how fans influence the content creation process of bloggers and how they have the power to direct the path of bloggers' home pages. Secondly, we examine the importance and impact of high-quality and colorful photos posted by bloggers, which can be a factor in retaining audience attention. Thirdly, we investigate the spread of pop culture specific to Instagram by Sweet Home bloggers, which creates a sense of belonging for their audience. Throughout the study, we found that the current audience is very selective about the type of content they consume, and they have a two-way relationship with bloggers. They not only consume content but also demand and influence the type of content produced. We aimed to understand this unique relationship that has emerged from the virtual world of Instagram and to gain insights into the fans' perspectives. Keywords: Instagram, sweet home blogger, daily blogger, blogger-follower relationship, social networks, Persian Instagram Virtual networks have become an integral part of human life, especially in the last decade. Thanks to the availability of smartphones at varying prices, people can now easily access all kinds of virtual networks that were once inaccessible before 2010. Instagram, a powerful social platform, has gained immense popularity among global users, particularly Iranians, as Iran is among the top ten countries in terms of Instagram usage. It is crucial to examine and understand the effects of this virtual network on people in different ways. As technology has made incredible progress in recent years, introducing new tools and features into people's lives every month, social researchers need to keep up-to-date research in this field. This research specifically focuses on Sweet Home bloggers, who are well-known among Iranian users, and their fans on Instagram. The aim is to understand the nature of their relationship. Firstly, we will explore how fans define the relationship between themselves and Sweet Home bloggers and identify the factors that influence their understanding of this relationship. Finally, we will investigate how the content produced by Sweet Home bloggers is perceived and understood by their fans. Qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews with 21 active female audiences who consider themselves fans of one of the five Sweet Home bloggers on Instagram, were used in this research. Through thematic analysis of the data obtained, we identified five main themes. The first theme focused on the level of awareness and understanding of the content on Sweet Home's pages. We found that there was sometimes a deep mistrust towards the content produced by the blogger. The second theme explored how the audience perceives themselves and the blogger with Sweet Home. We found that one group of fans completely identified themselves with the blogger, while another group did not relate to similar bloggers. In this study, we explore several themes related to blogging on Instagram. Firstly, we analyze how fans influence the content creation process of bloggers and how they have the power to direct the path of bloggers' home pages. Secondly, we examine the importance and impact of high-quality and colorful photos posted by bloggers, which can be a factor in retaining audience attention. Thirdly, we investigate the spread of pop culture specific to Instagram by Sweet Home bloggers, which creates a sense of belonging for their audience. Throughout the study, we found that the current audience is very selective about the type of content they consume, and they have a two-way relationship with bloggers. They not only consume content but also demand and influence the type of content produced. We aimed to understand this unique relationship that has emerged from the virtual world of Instagram and to gain insights into the fans' perspectives.

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Presentation of communication policy model with emphasis on regulation for Starlink satellite internet

Reza Ali Rezaei Malidarreh; Ali Akbar Farhangi; Seyyed Mihammad Dadgaran; Ali Delavar

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 February 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.81386.1748

Abstract

The study was conducted with the aim of understanding the communication policy model with an emphasis on regulations for Starlink satellite internet. The study with applied-developmental ... Read More The study was conducted with the aim of understanding the communication policy model with an emphasis on regulations for Starlink satellite internet. The study with applied-developmental purpose is a cross-sectional survey research in terms of the method and time frame of data collection, and in terms of the research design, it is a mixed research. The community of participants in the qualitative section includes law professors and communication managers, 10 of whom were selected through theoretical sampling. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The statistical population of the quantitative part includes law professors and experts in the field of communication, the sample size of 70 people was estimated by Cohen's power analysis method, and a simple random sampling method was used. The data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. The validity of the interview was confirmed based on the four criteria of credibility, transferability, confirmability and reliability, and the reliability of the qualitative part was estimated as 0.709 by calculating the Holstein coefficient. The validity of the quantitative part was checked with the formal validity methods of judges' point of view, convergent validity (above 0.5) and divergent validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was also evaluated by estimating Cronbach's alpha, Rho coefficient and composite reliability above 0.7. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part with the Grand Theory method and in the quantitative part with the partial least squares method. The research findings showed that the consistent international law and determining the precise responsibility for the performance affect the communication policy. The development of communication infrastructures provide the necessary background and the challenge of Starlink satellite internet also plays an intervention role. Finally, the regulation of Starlink satellite internet leads to the facilitation of communication in the age of globalization. The emergence of Starlink satellite internet and its strategic options were analyzed. The results showed that policy-making in this field should not be done with a confrontational approach and a solution based on interaction should be on the agenda. A review of the study and research literature, especially in the country, shows that despite its importance, the issue of satellite internet is less on the agenda of researchers, and in the few studies that have been conducted, the issue of communication policy has not been addressed in any of these researches in this field. It has not been studied and adapted as a unit. Therefore, in this study, an effort will be made to take into account the existing knowledge gap and the discussion of innovation and the review of internal and external research, the existing knowledge gap regarding communication policy and with an emphasis on regulation, because until now, researchers in this particular field of work has not done and has not given an article, the research has been done in terms of the topic and the new approach and collecting information and producing content from this technology is considered as research innovation and from another angle, the innovation of this research is a framework for developing regulations for technology The internet from space is called Starlink. Regarding the challenge of Starlink satellite internet, reduce radio frequency interference by forming joint organizations and mechanisms to deal with cyber threats. In this regard, the development of security culture and technologies and the determination of legal requirements for reporting security breach data will be helpful. Also, relevant managers can reduce the existing challenges to some extent by providing clear and understandable information to users about rights and obligations. Communication policy with emphasis on regulations for Starlink satellite internet has faced a serious challenge due to non-acceptance of the laws of the country by Starlink and the lack of international laws in the field of satellite internet, and the lack of setting standards and guidelines in this area has caused neglect of regulations for Starlink satellite internet. Therefore, it is suggested that by intensifying the penalties for privacy violations and data theft, the path to achieve the goal of communication policy will be facilitated by emphasizing the regulations for Starlink satellite internet. Regarding the regulations for Starlink satellite internet, it is suggested to prevent interference with satellite services by determining the rules and regulations related to frequency spectrum allocation and management. In this regard, it is important to use frequency spectrum resources equitably and of course to align with international laws and domestic laws of the country. The goals of communication policy can be achieved by emphasizing the regulations for Starlink satellite internet by promoting interaction and cooperation between traditional and satellite operators and determining fair tariffs, and determining and regulating competition laws and paying attention to the International Covenant on Civil Rights will be helpful in this regard. And by implementing the aforementioned strategies, achieving goals such as facilitating communication in the era of globalization, increasing internet bandwidth, increasing access to high-speed internet in the world, covering all parts of the planet with Starlink satellite internet, reducing the distance from current satellites, not being specific It will be possible to a specific geographical area and a specific and strictly controlled location. One of the most important cyber issues and concerns of the country in the field of communications is the operationalization of satellite internet in the coming months and years, which seems to have not been given much attention in the country's communications policy, especially in the discussion of the National Information Network. Satellite systems are expanding and with their wide coverage in Iran, they can overshadow the entire national information network at once. If the national information network cannot provide better, cheaper and more diverse services, the national network will be affected by global satellite internet networks, which are mostly American. Of course, what today in this project.

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Study of the Structure and Dissemination Trends of Content Related to Sexual Identity on Persian Twitter (X)

milad abdollahi; sobhan yahyaie

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 05 May 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.83405.1787

Abstract

Today, media has become an inseparable part of people's lives, and users spend a significant portion of their time throughout the day on social media, constantly exposed to various ... Read More Today, media has become an inseparable part of people's lives, and users spend a significant portion of their time throughout the day on social media, constantly exposed to various data and information. Unlike traditional media such as television and radio, in modern and social media, it has become easier to create a media wave around various topics on social platforms. Social media, by bringing about fundamental changes in communication and social interaction, has transformed the collective space of the past into the modern individualistic space. In terms of media interaction, the convergence that once prevailed has now turned into divergence, leading to a sense of passivity among users, especially adolescent users (Farahani & Saeed, 2012). However, social networks differ from social media and are considered a subset of social media. By joining social networks, individuals can access other users, become familiar with their interests, share their own text, audio, visual content, etc., and also form groups based on common interests (Afrasiabi, 2014). Today, with technological advancements and the onset of the digital era, social networks have become an important tool for users to shape and represent their individual and social identities. One such social network is Twitter, now renamed X, where users can freely and publicly share their opinions, perspectives, and worldviews on various issues. One of these issues is "sexual identity," which has received considerable representation on this platform and has led to discussions on Twitter. Content related to sexual identity is published in various forms on this network, generating interactions and responses that connect different users through algorithms and create user networks around this issue. On the social network Twitter, now renamed X, the ease of use and the option to remain anonymous have led users to exhibit a certain level of openness in their content production and behavior on the platform. The term "openness in behavior" refers to being unreserved, outspoken, or freely expressing one’s views and opinions in social interactions. For Twitter users, this term refers to posts or comments that are direct, unfiltered, and candid, with little regard for social concerns or constraints. This openness in user behavior on Twitter has enhanced their self-expression, making the "self" they present clearer and more transparent. This self-expression means that users freely and openly share their feelings, views, and personal experiences on Twitter without paying much attention to social restrictions or assumptions. Through openness in behavior and self-expression on Twitter, users have the best opportunity to express and present their personal identity. In general, and based on what has been discussed, it can be stated that individual and social identities are always influenced by various factors such as political, social, cultural, and others. Regarding sexual identity, it can also be said that in different societies, especially in those facing political and social constraints, social networks like Twitter can become a space for self-expression and representation. Due to the lack of political and social restrictions and the existence of an open space for self-expression, Twitter allows various identity groups to discuss and publicly share their identities without the limitations of the real world. As the ability to produce content related to sexual identity increases on the Twitter social network, questions about the formation of user networks, the process of disseminating sexual identity-related content, and the mechanisms for content dissemination on Twitter, as well as its role in the acceptance of different identity groups, also become more prominent. Despite the increase in the publication of sexual identity-related content on Twitter, few studies have systematically analyzed such content. In this research, we aim to use big data analysis to explore how communication networks surrounding sexual identity are formed, how sexual identity-related content is published and reshared on the Twitter platform, and what media waves related to sexual identity have been formed during a specified time period in Persian Twitter, leading to discussions about sexual identity. This research was designed and conducted with the aim of identifying communication networks formed in relation to sexual identity and the process of disseminating content related to sexual identity on the social network Twitter, within the period from March 21, 2023, to August 10, 2024. To achieve the research objectives, two methods were used: big data analysis using the Gephi visualization software and trend research. The results of these two methods identified 78 clusters and show that the data contain 9,361 nodes, 11,454 edges, with a modularity value of 0.858. Additionally, in the trend research method, 9 media waves were identified within the specified time frame. The theory used to analyze the findings was Manuel Castells’ Network Society Theory. According to Castells, it can be said that the Twitter social network creates a new space for the representation of sexual minority groups. By using this platform, sexual minorities have created small, like-minded communities to share and disseminate their experiences. This process allows them to distance themselves from the center and, through establishing communication in the digital space, connect with other users, forming networks based on their interests and beliefs. This leads them to move away from the dominant norms in society and to represent themselves in a space with greater security.

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The new generation and identification processes (with an emphasis on identification through social media)

mohammadreza hasani; fateme mohammadzade; hamide mohammadzade

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 May 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.80522.1727

Abstract

The new generation and identification processes (Emphasis on identification through social media) Abstract With the emergence and spread of social media, identity has become a changeable ... Read More The new generation and identification processes (Emphasis on identification through social media) Abstract With the emergence and spread of social media, identity has become a changeable and fragmented phenomena, and society and family are the only determining sources, so identity and identification, especially among young people, are undergoing transformation. The present paper tries to examines and analyze identity of youth and their identification process as a result of using social media. The study used qualitative approach, thematic analysis and and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 17 youth. The findings obtained from the interviwes we also extracted and analyzed with the thematic analysis and demonstrated 4 main themes: "gap of values and beliefs", "media orientation of lifestyle", "problematization of self", "transformation of interactions", and 12 sub-themes: "transformation in religious beliefs and opinions", "transformation in political beliefs and opinions", "disinterest in domestic official media", "trendization of life", "media orientation of Interests and goals, "opportunity for freedom of action", "opportunity for self-change", "opportunity for pretending", "opportunity for identification with oneself", "opportunity for identification with others", "formation of superficial friendships", "sacrifice face-to-face interactions". According to the findings, the young generation, under the influence of the media and facing with a multitude of information and ideas, are faced with multiple and diverse ways to answer the question of "who and what" and the process of identifying themselves, and in the position activism with a fragmented and fluid identity seeks identity-finding. Keywords: Identity, Identification, Youth, Social Media, Fluidity Extended abstract Introduction During the last century, according to extensive structural, functional and semantic changes due to processes such as the emergence and expansion of modernity, information and communication technologies, postmodern destructive developments People's life style has faced comprehensive and serious normative and value changes. One of the concrete manifestations of this is the influence of young "as the first adopters of new technologies" (Zimles, 2012: 4) from the process of these developments, especially the transformation of the traditional conditions and framework of identity and identification. Identity is the source of "meaning and experience" for society members (Castellst, 2001: 22) and a necessary condition for social life, without it "society will not exist" (Jenkins, 2002: 8,9). In traditional societies the identity of individuals was formed and fixed through the semantic order of integration that included all groups of the society. But today, as a result of the self-awareness that originated from the conditions and characteristics of life in this world, the previous ideas about the identity and the identification process of people have been questioned and have become the basis for different processes of identity development and reproduction. In today's societies, especially developing societies such as ours, the most important issue that cause problems for the new generation are their identity and their different identification process, which in different areas of life (attitude towards marriage, pattern of sexual interactions), attitude towards religion and religious beliefs, employment, lifestyle, leisure time, etc.). Considering that from the point of view of social theorists (Giddens, Castells, etc) the identity of people and the type of action they perform in society is a function of the sources of identity search, hence the main difference between what the new generation compared to previous generations, the change is in the process and sources of identification. They seek to discover, build and actively keep their identity alive. They cannot rely on an identity that is simply given to them or inherited or based on their dignity; They have a self-made identity and they have not accepted the identity that the society assigned to them at birth and do not consider it as their own. Objective In the current research, we want to consider identity based on experiences and meanings that each person or group obtains in response to the question of who and what they are, and it is the basis of their distinctions or similarities from others or with others, identity of youth and their identification process as a result of using social media. In this regard, we are trying to answer the following questions: "What do youth think of social media? What is the role of social media in their identity (identification process and identity construction)? How do youth display and represent themselves in social media in the process of identity-finding? Methodology The data collection was accomplished through a qualitative approach and in- semi-structured interviews. For this purpose, we selected 17 youth including 10 females and 7 males who are experience of at least three years or more using social media; have accounts in at least two social media and are active daily, through purposeful sampling. The findings were ascertained using the thematic analysis technique. Results 4 main themes and 12 sub-themes were extracted from interviews. The main themes are: "gap of values and beliefs", "media orientation of lifestyle", "problematization of self", "transformation of interactions". The sub-themes are: "transformation in religious beliefs and Politics beliefs", "transformation in political beliefs and opinions", "disinterest in domestic official media", "trendization of life", "media orientation of Interests and goals" , "opportunity for freedom of action", "opportunity for self-change", "opportunity for pretending", "opportunity for identification with oneself", "opportunity for identification with others", "formation of superficial friendships", "sacrifice face-to-face interactions". Conclusion Based on the interviwes responses, the gap and transformation in the beliefs and values of the youth as a result of access to social media play a major role in rethinking the religious and political thoughts of the youth and caused a sense of belonging in the field of religious beliefs. According to religious and even political identities and indicators, it has a selective nature, not adaptation. the mediatization of different aspects of life have created new requirements for youth, including regarding lifestyle, in such a way that choosing a distinctive lifestyle is considered as a part of the origin of their identity interpretation. Youth manifest and show their identity in their lifestyle, which often does not fit with the values and norms of our society and is media-oriented. Also, based on the statements of the interviewees, due to the existence of restrictions, contradictions, tensions, and official norms, it is not possible for young people to present themselves in an arbitrary way in the real environment of society and even in the family environment; While social media has provided them with a suitable platform to realize this goal and an opportunity for freedom of action and to be seen and heard, as well as an opportunity for "self-change", "self-idealization, "sameness with oneself and with others". One of the important results obtained from the findings is a transformation in the forms of interaction among youth; the formation of superficial and shallow friendships and the reduction of the value of face-to-face conversations. According to the findings, the young generation, under the influence of the media and facing with a multitude of information and ideas, are faced with multiple and diverse ways to answer the question of "who and what" and the process of identifying themselves, and in the position activism with a fragmented and fluid identity seeks identity-finding.

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The state of media literacy of Iranian political elites

abbas asadi; Ahmadreza Masoudi; Ahmad Bahraini

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 June 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.73669.1561

Abstract

The state of media literacy of Iranian political elites abstract Literacy media, Elite political one From areas, About Neglected remaining is, nowadays From on the one hand Volume ... Read More The state of media literacy of Iranian political elites abstract Literacy media, Elite political one From areas, About Neglected remaining is, nowadays From on the one hand Volume breadth From Contents And Contents At Media I see To About media, social With Target impact On Elite political And other Contents Production done, From Elite political To influence On thoughts General, publish be, That Of course, At every two the face, that's mean What At Production content Or Consumption it, By Elite political, to have Literacy media, above the Very Important is, this Research With Target Check Condition Literacy media, At between Elite political Iran the face taken is, The method used in this research was Delphi, which was conducted in three stages and the form of an in-depth interview. To select the interviewees, parameters such as a long history of presence in the political scene, media activity, ‌especially ‌virtual media, or familiarity with ‌media advertising techniques ‌, party communication, have been taken into consideration. After identifying them, they were invited to interview by sending an invitation letter. Further, by using an in-depth interview and in the form of a panel, the opinions of the participants were evaluated and questioned. In the first round of Delphi Interviews ‌, 16 One of the ‌participants Coding became and 48 subindex From Interviews ‌, To got it At far Second Delphi 48 subindex To Hand came To Specialists and professors of political science and communication Supply became until the At Status item the existence or absence of it among the political elites to declare their opinion and position; And Also amount importance Each Identify the following indicators among the political elites.‌ The findings of the current research were categorized and analyzed into 4 strategies, 12 main indicators, and 48 sub-indices. The strategies were: 1- personal bio strategy 2- bio-organizational strategy 3- bio-communication strategy 4- bio-social strategy. Although different nominal indicators were obtained in the process of interviewing and coding, all the resulting strategies and indicators refer to the basic components of media literacy and the goals and expectations that have been addressed and discussed by scholars in various research. Is; Therefore, in naming ‌these strategies as a functional road map of Iranian political elites, the title of life in measuring media literacy has been used, Media literacy is a means of living in a new ecosystem where today's political elites are engaged in providing political and social activities at the community level. One of the strategies of the ‌upcoming research is "bio-individual strategy" ‌. This strategy deals more with the media literacy ‌of political elites based on analytical understanding ‌. Analytical understanding is one of the ‌basic components in media literacy ‌, which lead ‌ to content production, and finally, through content production, functional and intellectual distinction in media literate elites. ‌"Bio-organizational strategy" is one of the results of acquiring media literacy ‌in the political elites, which mostly refers to the organization, formulation, guidance, and management of ‌media flows ‌and public opinion under the political goals of the country's political elites. "Bio-communication strategy" is one of the ‌most important manifestations of media literacy ‌in political elites. The nature of the extensive communication of politicians in the media environment ‌and the resulting products are included in this strategy. The strategy of "social life" is another important strategy in the study of media literacy ‌of political elites. This strategy looks at ‌different political and social aspects, ‌their roles and functions social and political activities ‌. To increase the media literacy of political elites in four strategies: 1- personal life strategy, 2- organizational life strategy, 3- communication life strategy, and 4- life strategy, the following measures are necessary: Ability Use From Technology Day Including Computer To Processing And Production Information; Ability conclusion ‌, At item Relationships Ali And disabled, between Reports ‌, media And reaction General; Ability diagnose the effect of distortion, stereotyping, Advertising, And Violence At The media‌ visual; Ability diagnosis interpretation And To Existence to bring Pictures visual; Ability Consumption critical And No passive From media; Ability to analyze social, political, And Economic The media‌ Keywords: media literacy, social media, political elites. Ability diagnose the effect of distortion, stereotyping, Advertising, And Violence At The media‌ visual; Ability diagnosis interpretation And To Existence to bring Pictures visual; Ability Consumption critical And No passive From media; Ability to analyze social, political, And Economic The media‌ Keywords: media literacy, social media, political elites.

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Relevant factors in video content virality in social networks from the experts' point of view: the case study of the Iranian Platform Rubika

Mohammad Khezri Moghaddam; Ali Asghar Kia; Mohsen Masoudian

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 July 2025

https://doi.org/10.22054/nms.2025.80131.1715

Abstract

With the advancement of technology and the expansion of the use of the Internet, social networks have become one of the most important means of communication and information exchange ... Read More With the advancement of technology and the expansion of the use of the Internet, social networks have become one of the most important means of communication and information exchange in the modern world. These platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube as global networks and Rubika, Eita and Aparat as Iranian networks, have a special place in daily life and have become a place to communicate with others, share experiences and publish various contents. This research identifies the factors that are effective in the viral spread of content in social networks. Factors such as content value, algorithm intelligence, interaction and user preferences play an important role in this process. In the fifth chapter, a special emphasis has been placed on the irreplaceable role of algorithms and quality content as the source of any viral content. Content production does not necessarily have to be expensive; Rather, it is enough that it is liked by users so that the algorithms try to increase the consumption of users in order to make it viral.In the end, the process of content becoming viral is likened to the flight of a bird, one wing of which is quality content and the other wing is the power of the algorithm. The conditions of the society are also like the weather conditions that can affect the flight. By conducting in-depth interviews with 12 experts and using external and internal sources, this research has investigated and provided solutions for producers and users of social networks.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Number of Issues	41
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Volume 11 (2025)

Volume 10 (2024)

Volume 9 (2023)

Volume 8 (2022)

Volume 7 (2021)

Volume 6 (2020)

Volume 5 (2019)

Volume 4 (2018)

Volume 3 (2017)

Volume 2 (2016)

Volume 1 (2015)

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Indexing and Abstracting

Keywords Cloud