New Media Studies
farzaneh koohi; seyedali rahmanzadeh; Ali Asghar Kia; seyedreza naghibulsadat
Abstract
Abstract:
Digital health is the use of digital technologies to improve communication and health management of individuals and society. The purpose of this article is to identify the elements and components of digital health in the comprehensive health communication system in Iran with the aim of improving ...
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Abstract:
Digital health is the use of digital technologies to improve communication and health management of individuals and society. The purpose of this article is to identify the elements and components of digital health in the comprehensive health communication system in Iran with the aim of improving health. In this research, SWAT or elite method is used. Sampling has also been done in a targeted non-probability way from among the elites in the field of health and communication sciences. The averages obtained from each environment show that the virtual training of health programs using new communication technologies in the digital platform and the establishment of electronic health records are among the strengths of the health system. The field of digital health and poor information in the discussion of raising awareness of health programs based on digital, insufficient attention to the features and the wide range of audiences, has caused many weaknesses in this field, and the lack of monitoring of the platform of social networks and the low e-health literacy of users has caused Threats have been made in this context. The results showed that the growth of information and communication technology in the field of medicine and health, the communication between doctors and users in social networks, the existence of self-care applications and health education in the Internet space are among the opportunities of the health system, which should include education, policy formulation with a comprehensive and coordinated approach. It is appropriate to create strong infrastructure and interdepartmental cooperation for the successful implementation of digital health in the comprehensive system of health communication and dealing with threats.
Keywords: digital health, health communication, new media
Introduction
The state of digital health in Iran's health system has experienced significant changes and improvements in the last few years. ; But despite these advances, there are many problems and challenges in the way of interaction and communication between different elements in the field of digital health in the country, so the authors are trying to answer the basic question of what are the elements and components of digital health in the comprehensive health communication system. By knowing the factors affecting it, he compensated for the gaps and deficiencies in this field and achieved a favorable situation from the existing situation. Therefore, in the upcoming research, we are trying to find out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the transition from the current situation to the desired situation by obtaining the views of the elites and experts in this field while gaining knowledge about the state of digital health in the comprehensive health communication system in Iran.
background:
Saima Pervez (2022) This research examines the role of different communication channels and different media with the aim of creating behavioral changes in order to improve health and healthcare and improve access. Such communication is based on inquiry, which begins with identifying the problem, investigating the problem, and helping it. Improving the quality of the approach to dealing with the problem involves analyzing different models and techniques of communication, especially digital. Communication media is an interdisciplinary strength that It includes making changes in the field of health.
Theoretical framework
Theories and models contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics and challenges in the field of digital health and health communication. The conceptual framework of this research is based on the theory of diffusion of innovation. This theory belongs to Everett M. Rogers a well-known researcher in the field of communication. In his book "Diffusion of Innovations", Rogers put forward the hypothesis that "the diffusion of a new technology, in its own way, He considers four elements to be effective in the acceptance of a new technology among the people. According to Rogers, the characteristics of that innovation are possessed by him Five features include comparative advantage, compatibility, complexity, testability and visibility.
methodology
The main goal of this research is to know the elements and components of digital health in the comprehensive health communication system in Iran, and to achieve it, we need to identify the sub-goals including: knowing the internal environment and secondly knowing the external environment in terms of using digital health in the comprehensive health communication system. .
The main research question: What are the most important elements and components of digital health in the comprehensive health communication system?
Sub-questions: Internal environment (strengths, weaknesses), external environment (opportunities and threats) What is the status of digital health in the comprehensive health communication system from the point of view of experts?
In this research, the elite research method or SWAT as a method of evaluating internal and external factors is the basis of the research, and the distance technique is used to evaluate the gap between the current situation and the desired situation.
The statistical population of this research includes experts in the field of communication and experts in the field of health.
Estimating the sample size: Based on the score given to the people based on the score to the norm or z under the normal distribution curve, the sample size is calculated.
The sampling method in this research was purposeful improbability. In other words, people who have been familiar with the field of health communication have been examined. 40 people have answered the questions of this research through a researcher-made questionnaire to design a questionnaire of items based on the Likert spectrum and according to their importance as a situation. A score between 1 and 5 was assigned to them.
findings
According to the completed questionnaires in the research field, after extracting the information, processing and data collection based on the research method used, the findings were examined.
According to the results of the respondents, the averages obtained from each environment show that in the internal environment there are more strengths and challenges are aimed at eliminating the weaknesses in this field. In the external environment, the opportunities are focused on the existing threats.
conclusion:
The results showed that in the evaluation of the internal environment, the items with the highest average strength are: the presence of the health network and health radio in the national media, the development of virtual training, the launch of the electronic health record system and online treatment centered on the referral system and the family doctor, and for the weaknesses, there is no written strategy In the field of health communication, there is a weakness in intra-, inter- and trans-sectoral communication and cooperation in the health system, insufficient attention to the characteristics and wide scope of the audience in the design of health messages and appropriate communication technologies, the inability to respond to the needs of patients due to disruptions in the infrastructure. and communication networks for electronic prescribing respectively have received the most points from the elites. In the evaluation of the factors of the external environment (opportunities and threats), the items with the highest average opportunities and threats are: the existence of health information technology, the communication of doctors and users in social networks, the growth of information and communication technology in the field of medicine and health, the existence of self-care applications and receiving Health educational content and threats include: infodemia in the field of health in mass media and social networks
Zahra Bagheri; seyedreza naghibulsadat; Mansoureh Zarean
Abstract
Abstract
Demands in a society can be understood as the needs shared by most or a significant number of its members. These needs are shaped by the dominant discourses within that particular society. It is crucial to note that discourses prioritize the needs of their followers. By identifying prominent ...
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Abstract
Demands in a society can be understood as the needs shared by most or a significant number of its members. These needs are shaped by the dominant discourses within that particular society. It is crucial to note that discourses prioritize the needs of their followers. By identifying prominent discourses with numerous followers in the domain of women's rights, it becomes possible to comprehend their demands. Essentially, understanding these discourses serves as a window into the needs and desires of women's rights advocates within a given society. At the macro level, identifying the demands of women's rights advocates through discourse analysis can provide a foundation for legislating and planning to fulfill these demands. Given its expansive platform for sharing diverse content such as text, images, audio, and video, Instagram presents an ideal space for women's rights discourse. The current research has focused on analyzing discourse about women's rights demands within this prominent social network. The present study, as an exploratory research, was conducted through applied and qualitative methods. The research method utilized was discourse analysis, specifically the approach developed by Norman Fairclough and Theon Van Dyck. Furthermore, the non-probability sampling method and the targeted technique were applied. The statistical population comprised all real Instagram pages belonging to Iranian female users with more than 10,000 followers. These pages were required to be centered on the rights of Iranian women. Considering the eligibility criteria, each Instagram page needed to have a minimum length of at least 300 words and other requirements. Consequently, from a sample of 1000 pages, 56 met these criteria. The findings of the study revealed that there are eleven prominent discourses garnering considerable support on Instagram, which address women's rights demands. The following eleven discourse categories emerged as the most popular on Instagram based on the number of followers they attracted: "Radical Feminist," "Liberal Feminist," "Cultural and Social Demands of Mothers," "Empowerment of Women," "New Religious Thinkers," "Positive View of the Body," "Women's Cultural and Social Demands," "Anti-Advertising Bloggers," "Women's Legal Demands," "Anti-Violence Against Women," and "Islamic Feminist."
Extended Abstract:
Introduction - Research Questions:
Historically, in societies across the world, humans have possessed desires and needs which, upon being shared by a significant portion of the population, become public demands and claims. These demands, which may be framed through a gendered lens, if left unmet, could potentially lead to civil or street protests due to societal pressures. In Iran, prior to the Islamic Revolution, most women were relatively unaware of their rights, leading to a scarcity of demands being voiced, primarily due to a lack of access to education, with many women being illiterate or having only completed elementary schooling. Only women from higher social classes and the educated echelons made demands.
The Islamic Revolution marked a significant turning point in the education of women, and this paved the way for their entry into the labor market. This development saw the emergence of educated women from diverse backgrounds who joined universities, broadening the spectrum of demands. Armed with an understanding of their capabilities, these women articulated a growing demand for increased participation in family and societal management, coupled with aspirations for greater privileges for their socio-economic class.
The advancement of technology has indeed had a significant impact on the expansion of demand-related discourses and the number of its proponents. A key characteristic of media technology is the ability to keep individuals' identities concealed, particularly on social networks, which typically do not charge their members for engaging in activities. This, in turn, facilitates the easy expression of opinions and creation of content in areas of interest. Consequently, a platform has been established for cultivating greater awareness among women of their rights and broadening the scope of their demands.
Among interactive media, there exists a class of tools known as social networks, which have gained immense popularity and wide-spread usage, including examples such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Telegram. These networks serve a crucial role in enabling individuals to express their opinions and views. Notably, they have also contributed to the formation of discourses concerning women's demands within these social media platforms.
Given the significance of the topics at hand and the prevalence of the Instagram social network, the primary question this research paper aims to address is: What types of discourses concerning women's rights are active within the Instagram social network? Essentially, the objective of this paper is to identify the various discourses pertaining to women's rights claims on the Instagram platform.
A study conducted by Mohammadi et al. (2019) explored the comprehension and interpretation of discourses surrounding "women's support for football." The research revealed that the religio-political discourse, grounded in a distinctly Muslim identity, aims to negate other forms of femininity and fundamentally rejects the notion of football fandom among women.
The study conducted by Moghimi et al. (2019) sought to analyze the prevalent discourse of hate directed towards women on the Instagram pages of female users. By employing the discourse analysis approach developed by Theon E. Van Dyke, the researchers examined the pages of four female users active in the field of women's issues.
A meticulous examination and review of the analyzed content unveiled three primary forms of violence. Firstly, there was an expression of discrimination and antagonism towards the patriarchal system. Secondly, there was a targeted condemnation of the institution of family and the conventional role ascribed to women within this system. Lastly, there was a discourse that advocated for feminist and progressive ideals, through a lens of destruction against traditional values, aiming to dismantle the constraints of conventional norms and liberate women from the confines of tradition.
A study by Kharazmi et al. (2019) aimed to identify the cultural actions of women following the Islamic Revolution, by analyzing the discourse of Islamic feminism demands, based on the principles set forth by Margat Badran. This research identified key signifiers using the theoretical framework of Laclau and Moff, which falls under the category of critical discourse analysis. The results of this study indicated that the central signifiers of the Islamic feminist discourse are directed at the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Methodology
The current study employed the "discourse analysis" method, combining descriptive and analytical approaches. This method involved utilizing the theoretical foundations to extract categories, and subsequently conducting discourse analysis across two stages. Drawing upon Fairclough's theory, the target text was initially described to lay the foundation, then depth was added and the body of the discourse was achieved through descriptive, interpretive, and explanatory measures. This process led to uncovering relevant information concerning both micro-level discourse and macro-level social behavior.
In the subsequent stage of discourse analysis, adopting the framework put forth by Theon Van Dyke, specific categories were scrutinized to extract related discourses. The sample size for this study was determined to fall within the range of 15 to 25 samples, with a focus on discourses related to women's rights demands. The study employed a "non-probability sampling" approach, specifically the "targeted" technique, to evaluate the Instagram pages of female users with over 10,000 followers. The unit of analysis in this research consists of the content of these pages' published submissions.
Results
The findings were subsequently ranked based on the number of followers subscribed to each discourse identified. Using these criteria, eleven discourses were discovered. The foremost discourse, "Radical Feminist," critiques the patriarchal system and critiques all the conditions inherent to women's demands. The discourse that came in second, "Liberal Feminist," highlights the patriarchal system and the historical oppression of women, suggesting that equal rights can be achieved for women by entering into cultural arenas and attempting to shift gender stereotypes.
The third discourse delves into the topic of "cultural and social demands of mothers." This discourse posits that society indoctrinates women who choose to have children, leading to social isolation and hindering their potential for career development and personal growth. The fourth discourse centers around "empowering women," which highlights the challenges faced by married or soon-to-be-married women in their interactions with men. The fifth discourse, known as "Religious Thinkers," suggests that re-examining religious texts, particularly the interpretations of the Quran, can offer a solution to the problems at hand. The sixth discourse is "body positivity," which asserts that women have become pawns in the interests of capitalists, acting not only as their victims but also as their advocates in the diet industry.
The seventh discourse focuses on "cultural and social demands of women." Within this discourse, issues affecting women are addressed from a cultural and societal standpoint. The eighth discourse, related to "anti-advertisement bloggers," critiques advertisement bloggers and sweethomes for their involvement in advertisements, which have led to increased consumerism and decreased self-confidence among women, often in exchange for monetary compensation or free facilities.
The ninth discourse, titled "Women's Rights," addresses legal issues pertaining to women, including topics such as dowry, alimony, permission to leave the country, the right to work, the right to housing, custody, guardianship, and related concerns. This discourse advocates for the rewriting of the Family Protection Law. The 10th discourse, "Anti-violence Against Women," stresses the elimination of all forms of violence against women, particularly domestic violence toward women. It also highlights the root causes of these problems, attributing them not only to cultural factors but also to flaws within criminal laws. This discourse advocates for the need to revise these laws. The 11th discourse, known as "Islamic Feminist," seeks to identify common grounds between Islam and feminism and apply feminist principles within the Islamic thoughts and laws of Iran.
Conclusion
The findings of the present study revealed that in the Instagram social network, the "Radical Feminists" discourse is highly active as the dominant discourse resisting the rights of Iranian women. This highlights a significant gap in the domain, characterized by a shortage of accurate and timely information regarding women's demands coupled with the absence of effective channels for pursuing these demands. Given these findings, it is recommended that media, both in the physical realm in the form of newspapers and magazines, as well as in the digital space in the form of news agencies or websites, should specifically focus on the demands of Iranian women. Furthermore, appropriate regulations should be established to regulate and control online content in order to prevent the spread of biased and anti-governmental views. Additionally, well-known figures and media outlets should be utilized to effectively convey the positions of the Islamic Revolution, Article 21 of the Constitution, and the "Islamic fundamentalist" discourse within the context of women's demands.
Encouraging the establishment of creative and thought-provoking cultural centers to create attractive media productions and textual content in the field of primary women's demands is crucial. Synchronizing these demands with existing laws for addressing women's issues is also essential. Additionally, the Women's Faction in parliament should actively pursue legal actions to rectify the legal loopholes responsible for the possible exploitation of women by certain men. By implementing these strategies, we can aspire to shift the balance of power in favor of the dominant discourse in support of Islamic fundamentalist ideology, which aligns with Iranian-Islamic rituals and beliefs and is the prevailing discourse in Iran.
elahe Rahmani; seyedreza naghibulsadat; masoud taghiabadi
Abstract
Looking at our lives and our surroundings, we can easily see that the issue of health and its dimensions in people's lifestyles is one of the most important concerns of humans. Today, dealing with the issue of health is out of the individual format and with the change of life patterns, people's health ...
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Looking at our lives and our surroundings, we can easily see that the issue of health and its dimensions in people's lifestyles is one of the most important concerns of humans. Today, dealing with the issue of health is out of the individual format and with the change of life patterns, people's health in a field with more diversity has attracted the attention of experts, since reaching these goals is not outside the field of information and awareness, we must say that the issue Communication and the role of the media in the field of health has gained special importance. The purpose of healthy life is the four dimensions of health, i.e. mental, physical, social and spiritual health, which is affected by the performance of modern media. Here, new media are continuously exploited because of the place it has in people's eyes and affect the dimensions of people's lives based on health. Lifestyle is formed from cultural patterns, behavior and habits that people use on a daily basis in their personal and social life and includes daily activities that a person uses in his life and affects his health. Lifestyles help to understand what people do and why and what it means to them and others (Chani, 2001: 11). In this research, the role of new media in healthy lifestyle has been discussed. Regarding the importance of this research, it should be acknowledged that with the implementation of this research, the media components of the healthy lifestyle are theoretically identified. Also, appropriate literature will be produced for this work, and in practical terms, it will be a basis for decision-making by officials in order to improve the health of society by using the role of the media. When talking about health, it includes the physical, psychological, spiritual and social dimensions of health, as well as the personal and social characteristics of the respondents, the level of access of the respondents to new media, elements of a health-oriented lifestyle, social harms caused by new media, etc.... has been emphasized.Therefore, the purpose of this research is to know the role of modern media in different dimensions of health and to know the harms it may have on health. Also, to know the respondents' point of view about the consequences of using new media is one of the goals of this research. Is. The theoretical framework of this research is the theories of need seeking and planting. Because definitely, in today's world, new technologies play an important role as a partner to create a parallel world of reality, which with the points mentioned can shape the realization of a health-oriented life based on its various dimensions. For this reason, in the current social media era, for example, improving the planting theory and applying it in today's modern media world is a necessity. Having said that, the research hypotheses are as follows:It seems that there is a relationship between the amount of use of new media and a health-oriented lifestyle.It seems that there is a relationship between the type of new media and the health aspects of lifestyle.There seems to be a relationship between social networks and a health-oriented lifestyleIt seems that there is a relationship between new media and mental healthThere seems to be a relationship between new media and physical health.There seems to be a connection between new media and spiritual health.There seems to be a relationship between new media and social health.MethodologyThis research has been conducted using the survey method, which is considered among the quantitative research methods. The statistical population in this research is the students of Allameh Tabatabai University. The sampling method in this research is a combination of two techniques, multi-stage and quota. To obtain the sample size in this research, Cochran's formula was used, which enables research with 5% error and 95% confidence. The formal method has been used to achieve the validity of the research. In order to provide face validity in the research, the opinions of respected guidance and counseling professors as well as three methodological experts have been used to determine that the items and questions in question examine the desired characteristic.Research findings:According to the t-test with a sample calculated for the scale of access to media facilities, with 1% error and 99% confidence, there is a significant difference between the exploitation levels of users. The result shows that there is a significant difference between people's use of modern media. In this scale, despite the significant difference of most variables, the following items were not significant in the scale with 5% error and 95% confidence. Informative sites, repositories, and in this regard, no difference in the type of exploitation of the respondents was mentioned in this regard. This shows that the more general aspects of using new media do not show a difference in the eyes of users.According to the t-test with a sample calculated for the scale of elements of health dimensions, with 1% error and 99% confidence, there is a significant difference between the levels of addressing these elements by modern media with 1% error and 99% confidence. Also, with 5% error and 95% confidence for healthy eating, self-care in health issues, sports and physical health care, there is no significant difference between positive and negative answers.According to the t-test with one sample calculated for the scale of damages caused by the use of new media, with 1% error and 99% confidence, there is a significant difference regarding the damage caused by the use of new media among the respondents with 1% error and 99% confidence... Also, with 5% error and 95% confidence, there is no significant difference between positive and negative answers for tendency towards tobacco and illegal economic activities, aversion to religion and tendency towards false mysticism.According to the t-test with a sample calculated for the social health scale and its dimensions, with 1% error and 99% confidence, there is a significant difference between the levels of addressing these dimensions by modern media for social health, physical health, and also with 5% error and 95% There is certainty for spiritual health. But for mental health, there is no relationship with 5% error and 95% certainty. In this description, it should be stated that the average result indicates the average level of new media's attention to health aspects by people.ConclusionThe current research under the title of the role of modern media in the respondents' healthy lifestyle with the aim of knowing the dimensions of role-playing in addition to the extent of the respondents' use of modern media; Done. The results of this research indicate that:1) There is a significant relationship between the use of new media and the role of new media in health-oriented lifestyle with 1% error percentage and 99% confidence percentage.2) There is a significant relationship between the use of health-related social media channels and the role of modern media in health-oriented lifestyle with 1% error percentage and 99% confidence.3) There is a significant relationship between the coverage of new media in the field of health and the role of new media in health-oriented lifestyle with 1% error percentage and 99% confidence.4) There is a significant relationship between the coverage of modern media in terms of physical health and the role of modern media in health-oriented lifestyle with 1% error percentage and 99% confidence percentage.5) There is a significant relationship between the coverage of new media in the aspect of mental health and the role of new media in health-oriented lifestyle with 1% error percentage and 99% confidence percentage.6) There is no significant relationship between new media coverage of social health and the role of new media in health-oriented lifestyle with 5% margin of error and 95% confidence.7) There is no significant relationship between the coverage of new media in the dimension of spiritual health and the role of new media in the health-oriented lifestyle with a 1% margin of error and 95% confidence.In this research, the role of modern media in the physical, mental, spiritual, and social aspects of the health of users of modern media was evaluated and the results showed that in the field of exploitation, the use of media such as digital television, information sites, satellites, digital books, Newspapers and magazines, digital radio, have been evaluated at different levels and the most emphasis has been on the use of media such as satellites, digital books, newspapers and magazines. Also, according to the respondents, the greatest amount of role-playing of modern media in the health-oriented lifestyle of the respondents is related to the physical health dimension and the lowest amount is related to the social dimension.
SeyedReza Naghibulsadat; Fatemeh Oudlajani
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the content and evaluation of the Twitter of the Iranian and US Foreign Ministers aimed at identifying the "media diplomacy structure of Iranian and American politicians on Twitter."Social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have played a key role ...
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the content and evaluation of the Twitter of the Iranian and US Foreign Ministers aimed at identifying the "media diplomacy structure of Iranian and American politicians on Twitter."Social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have played a key role in the political arena, complicating political relationships and gaining more prominence in media diplomacy. .In order to answer the research questions and achieve the desired goals, content analysis method with two categories and evaluation techniques was used. The statistical population of this study is the total number of tweets of Iranian and US Foreign Ministers on Twitter in 2016-2019. The unit of analysis in this study is the Twitter posts (tweets) of the Iranian and US foreign ministers.The results show that the media diplomacy of the two countries has different aspects. Through its media diplomacy, Iran has been trying to emphasize its commitment to international commitments such as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), and on the other hand points to the non-fulfillment of US commitments.US media diplomacy is also against Iran. The United States is trying to portray Iran as one of the main proponents of terrorism and to make all of Iran's actions destabilizing the Middle East. It can be said that the United States is trying to represent Iran as a state sponsored by terrorism and destabilizing the Middle East through the efforts of its foreign ministers on Twitter.
Hamed Forouzan
Abstract
Network communication training center is a new concept that has been made of two components and parameters of human communication and religious education. With attitude in concept of human communication network in typic of Islamic can be admitted to this thread often both in communicating face to face, ...
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Network communication training center is a new concept that has been made of two components and parameters of human communication and religious education. With attitude in concept of human communication network in typic of Islamic can be admitted to this thread often both in communicating face to face, in person, indirect, personal, social and communication and etc can be realized in two general types. In each type of Communication, issues such as growth, excellence, education and guidance can be seen clearly.So, in this thesis, the authors seek to provide a certain answer this fundamental question that What are the components of Upbringing communication? and continue what are the consequences of Upbringing communications in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the educational, cultural and communication? The Results of research that based on an analysis of Swat and utilizes the elite or library studies and questionnaires have been formulated, 59 main component to designing of model Upbringing communication has been extracted. Then the main components was analyzed by using the QSPM techniques and after having defined and prioritized variables, the scheme of Religious Upbringing communications was designed.The theory used in this article is based on the theories of Islamic education by Allameh Motahari and religious communication by Professor Hamid Molana.
