Bahman Rabeie nia; Hussein Harsij
Abstract
The universalization of the use of virtual social networks has caused important changes in lifestyles, habits and social relationships and the relationship between people and governments. Social movements, as one of the methods of conveying demands and communication between people and the government, ...
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The universalization of the use of virtual social networks has caused important changes in lifestyles, habits and social relationships and the relationship between people and governments. Social movements, as one of the methods of conveying demands and communication between people and the government, are strongly affected by these changes. In the last two decades, the mobilization function of social networks has shown a new face of social movements all over the world. The aim of the current research is to explain this effect in the social movements of Iran between 2018 and 2018. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and collected information using library sources, documents and secondary data. The findings of the research show that the use of social networks has played an effective and central role in facilitating the mobilization of resources for social movements. The major incidents investigated in the mentioned time period show that regardless of the reasons for the existence of social movements, with the control or lack of access to social networks, bringing the supporters of the movement to the stage is hindered, and with the passage of time, these protest movements suffer erosion and weakness.
Marzieh Rahimi; Mahdi Mohammadi nasab
Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the migration of Iranian messenger users of Telegram to WhatsApp instead of domestic messengers after the Telegram filtering. This research is explorative applied research. For analyzing factors, the thematic analysis method was ...
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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the migration of Iranian messenger users of Telegram to WhatsApp instead of domestic messengers after the Telegram filtering. This research is explorative applied research. For analyzing factors, the thematic analysis method was used. Then, using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the relationship between these factors was identified by 15 experts. These factors were classified into 5 levels. The results show that three factors: WhatsApp doesn’t need a VPN, voice and video call capability, and WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices, are the most influential factors; and factors like a habit to use foreign messengers, presence of contacts on WhatsApp (popularity), absence of contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity), forming or migrating groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of others, pressure of others to migrate to WhatsApp, negative WOM about domestic messengers and feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers are the most impressive factors.Keywords: Virtual social network, Social messenger, Domestic messenger, Interpretive structural modeling, WhatsApp, Telegram. Main Question:What are the factors affecting the migration of Iranian Telegram users to WhatsApp instead of migration to domestic messengers after filtering Telegram?Literature review:- Consumer behavior- Behavioral intention- Virtual social networks and social messengers- Disadvantages and damages of foreign messengers Research MethodologyStartResearch OverviewLeveling factorsIdentifying the affecting factors of the migration of Iranian users from Telegram to WhatsApp after the Telegram filteringIdentifying the most important factorsThematic AnalysisScreeningWith expert’s viewsDesigning Questionnaire based on interpretive structural modeling standardInterviewTechnique ISMDetermining conceptual relationships between factorsFig. 1. Research steps.Findings:Table 2: The most important factors affecting the migration of Iranian users from Telegram to WhatsApp after the Telegram filtering.NoFactorsSource1Adequate and prior knowledge of WhatsAppInterview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)2Lack of sufficient knowledge of domestic messengersInterview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)3Getting used to using foreign messengersInterview4WhatsApp antiquity and creditInterview5Presence of my contacts on WhatsApp(popularity)Interview, Zhang et al. (2017), Rabiee and Kermani (2015), Karimian et al. (2017)6Absence of my contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity)Interview7WhatsApp is internationalInterview8Absence of my contacts in Telegram due to VPN problemsInterview9Forming or transferring groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of othersInterview10Pressure and suggestion of others to migrate to WhatsAppInterview, Kazemi et al. (2015), Razeghi et al. (2017)11Advertise negative word of mouth about domestic messengersInterview12Easy and permanent access, ease of use, and high-speed WhatsAppInterview, Torino et al. (2016), Kim et al. (2019), Chang et al. (2015), Garcia Martin and Garcia Sanchez (2015), Singh et al. (2015), Kermani and Mozaffari (2018), Zamani and Taghipour (2017), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Hakim Ara et al. (2014), Akbari et al. (2014), Karimian et al. (2017), Rezaei et al. (2016), Heidari et al. (2016), Jafari et al. (2016), Ebrahimi and Ein Ali (2019), Forghani and Mohajeri (2018), Afshani et al. (2018)13Hardship use, low speed and delay, and bugs and technical defects in domestic messengersInterview14Difficult access, being time-consuming, low speed, costly, and Telegram inefficiency due to the use of VPN and its frequent disconnection and connectionInterview15High security of WhatsAppInterview16Feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers due to their non-encryption and hackingInterview17Lack of trust in domestic messengersInterview, Farzaneh and Falahati Shahab al-Dini (2015), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Heidari et al. (2016)18WhatsApp does not need a VPNInterview19I can do all of my work with WhatsAppInterview, Forghani and Mohajeri (2017)20Attractiveness (due to having a story option) and WhatsApp is beautiful and user-friendlyInterview, Singh et al. (2015), Rezaei et al. (2016)21The capability of voice and video call on WhatsAppInterview22WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices and no installation of domestic messengers on mobile phones with the IOS systemInterview, Zhang et al. (2017)23Domestic messengers are not beautiful and lack of enjoyment in themInterview24Some channels are not active in domestic messengersInterview25Imitation in domestic messengers from foreign messengers and lack of innovation in domestic messengersInterview LEVEL 1 3569101116 LEVEL 21419 LEVEL 3781724 LEVEL 4212131415202325 LEVEL 5182122Fig. 2. ISM research model. AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the migration of Iranian messenger users of Telegram to WhatsApp instead of domestic messengers after the Telegram filtering. This research is explorative applied research. For analyzing factors, the thematic analysis method was used. Then, using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the relationship between these factors was identified by 15 experts. These factors were classified into 5 levels. The results show that three factors: WhatsApp doesn’t need a VPN, voice and video call capability, and WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices, are the most influential factors; and factors like a habit to use foreign messengers, presence of contacts on WhatsApp (popularity), absence of contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity), forming or migrating groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of others, pressure of others to migrate to WhatsApp, negative WOM about domestic messengers and feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers are the most impressive factors.Keywords: Virtual social network, Social messenger, Domestic messenger, Interpretive structural modeling, WhatsApp, Telegram. Main Question:What are the factors affecting the migration of Iranian Telegram users to WhatsApp instead of migration to domestic messengers after filtering Telegram?Literature review:- Consumer behavior- Behavioral intention- Virtual social networks and social messengers- Disadvantages and damages of foreign messengers Research MethodologyStartResearch OverviewLeveling factorsIdentifying the affecting factors of the migration of Iranian users from Telegram to WhatsApp after the Telegram filteringIdentifying the most important factorsThematic AnalysisScreeningWith expert’s viewsDesigning Questionnaire based on interpretive structural modeling standardInterviewTechnique ISMDetermining conceptual relationships between factorsFig. 1. Research steps.Findings:Table 2: The most important factors affecting the migration of Iranian users from Telegram to WhatsApp after the Telegram filtering.NoFactorsSource1Adequate and prior knowledge of WhatsAppInterview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)2Lack of sufficient knowledge of domestic messengersInterview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)3Getting used to using foreign messengersInterview4WhatsApp antiquity and creditInterview5Presence of my contacts on WhatsApp(popularity)Interview, Zhang et al. (2017), Rabiee and Kermani (2015), Karimian et al. (2017)6Absence of my contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity)Interview7WhatsApp is internationalInterview8Absence of my contacts in Telegram due to VPN problemsInterview9Forming or transferring groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of othersInterview10Pressure and suggestion of others to migrate to WhatsAppInterview, Kazemi et al. (2015), Razeghi et al. (2017)11Advertise negative word of mouth about domestic messengersInterview12Easy and permanent access, ease of use, and high-speed WhatsAppInterview, Torino et al. (2016), Kim et al. (2019), Chang et al. (2015), Garcia Martin and Garcia Sanchez (2015), Singh et al. (2015), Kermani and Mozaffari (2018), Zamani and Taghipour (2017), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Hakim Ara et al. (2014), Akbari et al. (2014), Karimian et al. (2017), Rezaei et al. (2016), Heidari et al. (2016), Jafari et al. (2016), Ebrahimi and Ein Ali (2019), Forghani and Mohajeri (2018), Afshani et al. (2018)13Hardship use, low speed and delay, and bugs and technical defects in domestic messengersInterview14Difficult access, being time-consuming, low speed, costly, and Telegram inefficiency due to the use of VPN and its frequent disconnection and connectionInterview15High security of WhatsAppInterview16Feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers due to their non-encryption and hackingInterview17Lack of trust in domestic messengersInterview, Farzaneh and Falahati Shahab al-Dini (2015), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Heidari et al. (2016)18WhatsApp does not need a VPNInterview19I can do all of my work with WhatsAppInterview, Forghani and Mohajeri (2017)20Attractiveness (due to having a story option) and WhatsApp is beautiful and user-friendlyInterview, Singh et al. (2015), Rezaei et al. (2016)21The capability of voice and video call on WhatsAppInterview22WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices and no installation of domestic messengers on mobile phones with the IOS systemInterview, Zhang et al. (2017)23Domestic messengers are not beautiful and lack of enjoyment in themInterview24Some channels are not active in domestic messengersInterview25Imitation in domestic messengers from foreign messengers and lack of innovation in domestic messengersInterview LEVEL 1 3569101116 LEVEL 21419 LEVEL 3781724 LEVEL 4212131415202325 LEVEL 5182122Fig. 2. ISM research model. AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the migration of Iranian messenger users of Telegram to WhatsApp instead of domestic messengers after the Telegram filtering. This research is explorative applied research. For analyzing factors, the thematic analysis method was used. Then, using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the relationship between these factors was identified by 15 experts. These factors were classified into 5 levels. The results show that three factors: WhatsApp doesn’t need a VPN, voice and video call capability, and WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices, are the most influential factors; and factors like a habit to use foreign messengers, presence of contacts on WhatsApp (popularity), absence of contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity), forming or migrating groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of others, pressure of others to migrate to WhatsApp, negative WOM about domestic messengers and feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers are the most impressive factors.Keywords: Virtual social network, Social messenger, Domestic messenger, Interpretive structural modeling, WhatsApp, Telegram. Main Question:What are the factors affecting the migration of Iranian Telegram users to WhatsApp instead of migration to domestic messengers after filtering Telegram?Literature review:- Consumer behavior- Behavioral intention- Virtual social networks and social messengers- Disadvantages and damages of foreign messengers Research MethodologyStartResearch OverviewLeveling factorsIdentifying the affecting factors of the migration of Iranian users from Telegram to WhatsApp after the Telegram filteringIdentifying the most important factorsThematic AnalysisScreeningWith expert’s viewsDesigning Questionnaire based on interpretive structural modeling standardInterviewTechnique ISMDetermining conceptual relationships between factorsFig. 1. Research steps.Findings:Table 2: The most important factors affecting the migration of Iranian users from Telegram to WhatsApp after the Telegram filtering.NoFactorsSource1Adequate and prior knowledge of WhatsAppInterview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)2Lack of sufficient knowledge of domestic messengersInterview, Akbari and Malekian (2016)3Getting used to using foreign messengersInterview4WhatsApp antiquity and creditInterview5Presence of my contacts on WhatsApp(popularity)Interview, Zhang et al. (2017), Rabiee and Kermani (2015), Karimian et al. (2017)6Absence of my contacts in domestic messengers (non-popularity)Interview7WhatsApp is internationalInterview8Absence of my contacts in Telegram due to VPN problemsInterview9Forming or transferring groups to WhatsApp and sending files through WhatsApp at the request of othersInterview10Pressure and suggestion of others to migrate to WhatsAppInterview, Kazemi et al. (2015), Razeghi et al. (2017)11Advertise negative word of mouth about domestic messengersInterview12Easy and permanent access, ease of use, and high-speed WhatsAppInterview, Torino et al. (2016), Kim et al. (2019), Chang et al. (2015), Garcia Martin and Garcia Sanchez (2015), Singh et al. (2015), Kermani and Mozaffari (2018), Zamani and Taghipour (2017), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Hakim Ara et al. (2014), Akbari et al. (2014), Karimian et al. (2017), Rezaei et al. (2016), Heidari et al. (2016), Jafari et al. (2016), Ebrahimi and Ein Ali (2019), Forghani and Mohajeri (2018), Afshani et al. (2018)13Hardship use, low speed and delay, and bugs and technical defects in domestic messengersInterview14Difficult access, being time-consuming, low speed, costly, and Telegram inefficiency due to the use of VPN and its frequent disconnection and connectionInterview15High security of WhatsAppInterview16Feeling of insecurity in domestic messengers due to their non-encryption and hackingInterview17Lack of trust in domestic messengersInterview, Farzaneh and Falahati Shahab al-Dini (2015), Akbari and Malekian (2016), Heidari et al. (2016)18WhatsApp does not need a VPNInterview19I can do all of my work with WhatsAppInterview, Forghani and Mohajeri (2017)20Attractiveness (due to having a story option) and WhatsApp is beautiful and user-friendlyInterview, Singh et al. (2015), Rezaei et al. (2016)21The capability of voice and video call on WhatsAppInterview22WhatsApp compatibility with all mobile devices and no installation of domestic messengers on mobile phones with the IOS systemInterview, Zhang et al. (2017)23Domestic messengers are not beautiful and lack of enjoyment in themInterview24Some channels are not active in domestic messengersInterview25Imitation in domestic messengers from foreign messengers and lack of innovation in domestic messengersInterview LEVEL 1 3569101116 LEVEL 21419 LEVEL 3781724 LEVEL 4212131415202325 LEVEL 5182122Fig. 2. ISM research model. Fig. 3. Driving Power and Dependence Power matrix. Fig. 3. Driving Power and Dependence Power matrix.
karamolah javanmard; narges khoshkalam
Abstract
The Telegraph Social Network is the most user-friendly social network in Iran, which holds a large amount of content and content. The current qualitative research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the membership of married people in this network by means of thematic ...
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The Telegraph Social Network is the most user-friendly social network in Iran, which holds a large amount of content and content. The current qualitative research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the membership of married people in this network by means of thematic analysis. The statistical population included married people aged 15-40 years old in Borujerd, who had experience in using this network for at least one year. The sample size of 31 people, the purposeful sampling method and the data collection method was a profound interview. The results of coding the interviews showed that the individual was influenced by: (1) push factors (technology pressure, loneliness, unemployment, normative constraints, mental and physical exhaustion, emotional emptiness, inappropriate self-actualization, consumer society), and (2) Absorption mechanisms (secure, easy, cheap, broad and fast communication, awareness, entertainment, business prosperity, free-thinking seats) have become part of this network. As a result, the individual becomes generally part of the network due to the real world constraints as well as the attractiveness of the telegram as a double factor.
mohammad ali talebi; khalil mirzaee; mohammad sadegh mahdavi
Abstract
The media along with modern technologies have been influential in the transformation of the cultural and social characteristics of a society. In this regard, humor and irony on general and jokes as a part of sub-culture may be effective in the process of social change. In the light of the extension of ...
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The media along with modern technologies have been influential in the transformation of the cultural and social characteristics of a society. In this regard, humor and irony on general and jokes as a part of sub-culture may be effective in the process of social change. In the light of the extension of virtual space and various messengers including telegram, this space, with respect to its potentials, has created remarkable communications and mutual interactions between social context and its output. Restriction policies of virtual space and the use of symbolic violence has led to some changes in the action of telling-jokes. The present article, is based on a descriptive-analytical approach and uses a combined research methodology. Hence, in quantitative section, experts have analyzed explorative factors among the samples. In qualitative section, netnographic method has been used to compare different jokes in virtual space before and after the telegram filtering. Finally, the jokes has been analyzed using Raymond Boudon’s metatheory and Pierre Bourdieu’s symbolic violence. The results of the present study suggest that the filtering of telegram not only did not reduce the jokes intensity and effectiveness, but resulted in the enhancement of black jokes especially associated with sex category andthe reduction of the white jokes aiming at mere laughter. Furthermore, communicative and access challenges contributed to the change of jokes from pictorial to written form.
saeeid zokaei; Mohammad Javad Imani Khoshkhoo
Abstract
Regarding that political humor was one of most prevalent communicative themes during the presidential election in 2017, this research aims to answer this question that how political humor is used in most politicized period of time. So we chose two virtual communities in Telegram messenger including extreme ...
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Regarding that political humor was one of most prevalent communicative themes during the presidential election in 2017, this research aims to answer this question that how political humor is used in most politicized period of time. So we chose two virtual communities in Telegram messenger including extreme advocates of two main political parties and analyzed more than 7000 massages of these groups during 30 days up to presidential election in 2017, using the Cyber-Ethnographic method. We have found that humor is utilized in two ways: as a weapon (in semiotic battle and keeping up cognitive distance against opponents) and as a relief (for reducing anxiety and nervous pressure and growing sympathy with insiders). But the main distinction between these groups was implementing Survival humor (laughing at misery) by the reformist one. Also these communicative departure to virtual space has caused changes both in Telegram as a medium (customization based on recipient’s lingual and cultural context) and in logic of politics (because of inherent characteristics of this medium). In fact, we are witness of blending areas (political and nonpolitical, personal and impersonal, sadness and happiness and …).
hadi khaniki; Hossein Kermani
Abstract
Alongside with the advent and proliferation of internet usage in societies, more debates on the potentials of internet in reviving or reshaping the public sphere or even creating a new one has aroused. Thus, this paper is trying to evaluate if a micro public sphere is shaped in a Telegram group where ...
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Alongside with the advent and proliferation of internet usage in societies, more debates on the potentials of internet in reviving or reshaping the public sphere or even creating a new one has aroused. Thus, this paper is trying to evaluate if a micro public sphere is shaped in a Telegram group where Iranian journalist had discussed the requirements and conditions for establishing a professional association. Telegram is the most popular Instant Messaging Application in Iran now, and its groups provide a very convenient space for discussions and conversations. That is why numerous groups are created to enable people to participate in public and (potentially) free discussions. In September 2016, when some Iranian journalist tried to establish a professional association for Tehran-based journalists, a group in Telegram was created which attracted more than 600 members at that time. The announced purpose of the group was exploring the circumstances and providing helpful suggestions for those working to prepare the statute of the association. Thus, using a triangulation of three methods, we tried to achieve a close reading of messages in the group (we analyzed 1117 messages from the beginning before the theoretical saturation was achieved). We identified 5 different kinds of conversations: simple, empathy, non-challenging, challenging, and hostile. Findings showed that the members’ actions in some cases can be seen as communicative rather than instrumental or strategic. Results also indicated that as debates got more hostile, many of public sphere’s norms were violated.
Zeinab Zamani; Manije Haghighi Nasab; Neda Zarandian
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of engagement in social media with the image and tourism destination selection, ultimately. For this aim, a conceptual model that shows the relationship between engagement, cognitive mental image, emotional image and destination selection was ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of engagement in social media with the image and tourism destination selection, ultimately. For this aim, a conceptual model that shows the relationship between engagement, cognitive mental image, emotional image and destination selection was designed and the research was carried out by using survey method and questionnaire tool. The target population of the study was the users of the active tourism groups in Telegram, and an available sample was our sampling method. Collected data were tested by using structural equation modeling and by helping SPSS22 and AMOS22. The results of the research model analysis indicated that there is a significant relationship between engagement in tourism-based Telegram groups with a cognitive and emotional image of the destination. In addition, cognitive mental image and emotional mental image have also a meaningful relationship with the destination selection. Finally, this study did not find evidence of a direct relationship between engagements with destination selection. At sum up, practical propositions for using telegram channel by tourism destination management have been provided.
Babak Rahimi; Hossein Kermani; Zohreh Alihoseini; Mohammadmahdi Meshkini
Abstract
Nowadays, many Iranians are using smart phones. Also, the digital divide problem remains an important issue in contemporary urban Iran. Thus, doing research into the relation between these variables is necessary to provide a better understanding of the problem. Using Van Deursen and Van Dijk theory, ...
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Nowadays, many Iranians are using smart phones. Also, the digital divide problem remains an important issue in contemporary urban Iran. Thus, doing research into the relation between these variables is necessary to provide a better understanding of the problem. Using Van Deursen and Van Dijk theory, this paper aims to clear if smart phone usage causes some new kinds of digital divide or not. Furthermore, we measured the correlations between some socio-demographical variables with digital divide. We surveyed 273 of Tehran citizens to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses. Finding shows that the main divide occurs in skills acces also there is a divide in material access but. In addition, class and education have the most effect on digital divide. Class affect the all kinds of accesses and education have effect on 2 of them, while other variables such as age, gender and ethnicity don not have significant effect on different levels of access.
alireza abdolahinejad; Javad Sadeghi; Abuzar Ghasemi Nejhad
Abstract
The current study examines the effects of the social media, Facebook, Instagram and Telegram on the political participation of the students of Allameh Tabataba’i University in Iran’s Parliamentary Elections in 2016. We used Cochran test and surveyed 370 students from the 8569 people studying ...
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The current study examines the effects of the social media, Facebook, Instagram and Telegram on the political participation of the students of Allameh Tabataba’i University in Iran’s Parliamentary Elections in 2016. We used Cochran test and surveyed 370 students from the 8569 people studying on the main campus of the university. The results show that there are significant direct relations between the amount of time spent on the chosen media and the students’ political participation (0.413), trust in the media and the students’ political participation (0.318) and effectiveness in using media and the students’ political participation (0.523). Two other factors including respondents’ education level (-0.401) and age (-0.431) had significant reverse relation with political participation of the students. The results of regression analysis show that five variables including media usage, trust, using effectiveness, educational level and age can predict the students’ political participation by 32 percent.
Seyedeh Zahra Ojagh; Seyed Rasoul Mirzaei Mousavi
Abstract
The present survey has been done for studying member’s communicative actions in Telegram virtual teams due to the way of impression management by using self -face work. Haberma’s communicative action and Goffman’s Impression management has been used as theoretical combination for this ...
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The present survey has been done for studying member’s communicative actions in Telegram virtual teams due to the way of impression management by using self -face work. Haberma’s communicative action and Goffman’s Impression management has been used as theoretical combination for this purpose. According to the specific characteristic of text messages in Telegram, linguistic analysis is an approach of research method. Approximately 10 thousand members from 20 Telegram groups as Art, Science and Sport will be evaluated in this survey. Results indicate significant presence of goal-oriented action in these groups. Telegram provides an opportunity for presence and making groups, but subordinating connections is more than dialogical relations and interactions. Members represent selves by confirming and accepting of messages, without criticizing and opposing. Furthermore, results show that supportive norm has appeared by new concept in these groups which members are using as positive face work, improving positive communication and meaningful impression management.
