Farid Mohammadi; Vahid Aqili; Mohammad Javad Rezaeian
Abstract
The concept of immersive journalism was coined by Nonny de la Pena et al in 2010, which means “the production of news in a form in which people can gain first-person experiences of the events or situation described in news stories.” Immersive journalism is an experiential approach that allows ...
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The concept of immersive journalism was coined by Nonny de la Pena et al in 2010, which means “the production of news in a form in which people can gain first-person experiences of the events or situation described in news stories.” Immersive journalism is an experiential approach that allows users to experience, and subsequently, become immersed in stories. At the time being many European and American news organizations such as CNN, Euronews, BBC, The New York Times, Russiatoday, Guardian and Fox tell their stories via VR technologies. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize immersive journalism and examine vital questions that rise up in this emerging field, based on interviews with immersive journalists and experts. The results showed that the aims of immersive journalism are: experience events, increase emotional aspects, high-quality display, embodiment and first-person experience. The major benefits that immersive journalism brings are: exclusive access, closing distance, spatial storytelling, presence and viewer agency. The appropriate genres for immersive journalism are: VR- live videos, VR News and VR documentaries. Eventually, the requirements that journalists ought to meet in immersive journalism include: complying with ethical codes, learning new skills, guaranteeing the minimum quality of service and persuading users to experience immersive journalism.
mohammad ali talebi; khalil mirzaee; mohammad sadegh mahdavi
Abstract
The media along with modern technologies have been influential in the transformation of the cultural and social characteristics of a society. In this regard, humor and irony on general and jokes as a part of sub-culture may be effective in the process of social change. In the light of the extension of ...
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The media along with modern technologies have been influential in the transformation of the cultural and social characteristics of a society. In this regard, humor and irony on general and jokes as a part of sub-culture may be effective in the process of social change. In the light of the extension of virtual space and various messengers including telegram, this space, with respect to its potentials, has created remarkable communications and mutual interactions between social context and its output. Restriction policies of virtual space and the use of symbolic violence has led to some changes in the action of telling-jokes. The present article, is based on a descriptive-analytical approach and uses a combined research methodology. Hence, in quantitative section, experts have analyzed explorative factors among the samples. In qualitative section, netnographic method has been used to compare different jokes in virtual space before and after the telegram filtering. Finally, the jokes has been analyzed using Raymond Boudon’s metatheory and Pierre Bourdieu’s symbolic violence. The results of the present study suggest that the filtering of telegram not only did not reduce the jokes intensity and effectiveness, but resulted in the enhancement of black jokes especially associated with sex category andthe reduction of the white jokes aiming at mere laughter. Furthermore, communicative and access challenges contributed to the change of jokes from pictorial to written form.
Akbar Nasrollahi Kasmani; Farzaneh Sharifi
Abstract
After the September 11th incident, a widespread wave of media outlets in the world created to misrepresent the East and Muslims. Meanwhile, digital games were among the media that by entering in a new era of representation, introduced the East as other to the audiences around the world. The main issue ...
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After the September 11th incident, a widespread wave of media outlets in the world created to misrepresent the East and Muslims. Meanwhile, digital games were among the media that by entering in a new era of representation, introduced the East as other to the audiences around the world. The main issue of the current research is that how the East as a subject is represented in the games. Hence, we analyzed the most important representational games of the East which were based on a real narrative of the wars happened in the past two decades in the Middle East to portray the way of East representation. Considering the research issue, this study seeks to answer the question that what features of the East have been targeted in the most important American games which representing the East?For this purpose, the selected games were played continuously for 120 hours, while the video was captured during the playing. Using the Qualitative Content Analysis method (sequence, character, music, dialogue, etc. analysis), three units of Call of Duty series entitled "Modern Warfare", "Modern Warfare 2" and "Modern Warfare 3" were analyzed and the most important methods of representing the East with its features were extracted. We found that the game developers have used different ways to represent the East, particularly the Islamic countries as a negative subject. These are: 1.Political-military misrepresentations, 2.Cultural misrepresentations, 3.Religious misrepresentations (Islamophobia), 4.Race misrepresentations, 5.Cultural dominance over the East, and 6. Political-military dominance over the East.
HADI Akborzi Davati; Akbar Nasrollahi Kasmani; Aliakbar Farhangi
Abstract
Identifying probable scenarios of national news media is important through key trends and uncertainties. In this research, using Delphi method and analyzing experts' opinions, among 30 main trends in three areas of technological change, audience changes and content changes were identified key news uncertainty ...
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Identifying probable scenarios of national news media is important through key trends and uncertainties. In this research, using Delphi method and analyzing experts' opinions, among 30 main trends in three areas of technological change, audience changes and content changes were identified key news uncertainty in the next 5 years. Following the selection of key factors, using the experts' comments, the interaction effects matrix was drawn for these key uncertainties. Finally, using the technique of interactive effects analysis in Scenario-wizard software and were identified, , 64 scenarios. 4 scenarios of these scenarios were identified with High compatibility .according to their characteristics, were named titles of News Domination, News Gap , news Shock, and news Inflation.by analyzing the indicators derived from the Scenario Wizard software one scenario is selected a desirable scenario . This scenario is News domination.In this scenario, the possibility of widespread broadcasting of audio and images in digital and analogue space makes the IRIB more domination in the news space and media streaming by providing various interpretations and analyzing.
Reza Kazemian
Abstract
The use of emoji / emoticon is increasingly popular across the world in different platforms of online communication and they are commonly used in modern text communication as well. According to analyzed data, Iranian internet users would rather use emoji than emoticon due to some reasons, namely, expressive, ...
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The use of emoji / emoticon is increasingly popular across the world in different platforms of online communication and they are commonly used in modern text communication as well. According to analyzed data, Iranian internet users would rather use emoji than emoticon due to some reasons, namely, expressive, practical and aesthetic reasons. This study is set forth to explore whether the use of emoji bears any relationship to the gender and age among Iranian internet users. The result of statistical analysis has patently revealed that women tend to use emoji (both positive and negative) more than men; correspondingly, they are considered more emotional with respect to sentiment analysis. Moreover, the result has demonstrated that women openly express their emotions and love with emoji in social media similar to real life. Concerning age, collected data display that there is an inverse relationship between the age and the frequency of emoji use. In other words, the frequency of the emoji use would be substantially declined by growing older. This study can provide a base for future research most notably those pertaining to machine learning, natural language processing and designing models for predicting online demographical information.
Mohammadhossein Maleknejad Yazdi; Mahdi Sanaei
Abstract
The entry of governance into the digital arena has created new opportunities, and the answer to some of the fundamental questions of governance has also been challenged, especially questions of the relationship between people and government. Today, with the rapid spread of information technology, the ...
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The entry of governance into the digital arena has created new opportunities, and the answer to some of the fundamental questions of governance has also been challenged, especially questions of the relationship between people and government. Today, with the rapid spread of information technology, the use of people is no longer limited to marches and elections, and citizens have more power to influence governance. Citizenship technology addresses how to govern in the digital age with the help of the people.Citizenship technology overlaps with e-government, public participation, and open governance innovation. Citizenship technology refers to the use of open data by outsiders who develop IT-based tools to meet public needs. This definition encompasses a wide range of digital tools and is based on various classifications.For a comprehensive view of citizenship technology, it is necessary to evaluate the definitions of this issue and identify its various types. Examining the challenges of this issue can also help us in launching and developing. In the present article, an attempt is made to discuss the dimensions of this issue and extract the concept of citizenship technology from its heart.
mohammad mahdi forghani; Shahriar Gholizadeh Gollo
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to study The Relationship between the Use of Virtual Social Networks and Changes in Students' Social Capital Dimensionsl of students of Mohaghegh Ardebil University who study at this university in the academic year of 2018-2019. In this study, the survey method has been ...
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The purpose of this article was to study The Relationship between the Use of Virtual Social Networks and Changes in Students' Social Capital Dimensionsl of students of Mohaghegh Ardebil University who study at this university in the academic year of 2018-2019. In this study, the survey method has been used. The statistical population of the research consisted of the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the same year, of which 383 were selected as the statistical sample based on the calculations by the Cochran formula. Sampling method is a randomized class. The findings of the research showed that among the six hypotheses that considered for research, three hypotheses, "Relationship between students 'use of virtual social networks and students' self-confidence" "The Relationship between the Use of Virtual Social Networks and Students' Religious Beliefs " and "Relationship between students 'use of virtual social networks and students allegiance from society norms and rule"did not have meaningful relationship and the intensity of their relationship was weak. This means that the students have stated that despite having spent too much time in these networks, their self-confidence has not increased significantly due to this presence. Also, presence in these networks has not reinforcement their beliefs and their following of norms . three other study hypotheses, which include the variables of interactive relationships, social confidence and participation and cooperation have a meaningful relationship. This means that more presence in virtual social networks has increased the number of these cases among students.
Morteza Omidian
Abstract
Emerging media, including Instagram, are playing an important role in our personal lives and social relationships. In the heat of the confrontation with the Corona virus a satire about the activities of a teacher with a history on an Instagram page became a source of news.The purpose of this article ...
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Emerging media, including Instagram, are playing an important role in our personal lives and social relationships. In the heat of the confrontation with the Corona virus a satire about the activities of a teacher with a history on an Instagram page became a source of news.The purpose of this article is to analyze the behavior of users in dealing with this issue.The method used in this study was a qualitative method of psychological analysis of discourse. For this purpose,90 disputation were selected as targeted sampling from three Instagram pages in relation to the subject under study and were analyzed.After analyzing the data, out of 90 disputation, 102 independent and non-repetitive phrases were selected. Of these 102 phrases, according to the content of the speech, 32 free codes were extracted, which were classified into 7 groups. In this regard, 7 types of reactions in favor, against, unaware, indifferent, insignificant, opportunistic and severe verbal conflict were identified and the psychological causes of this type of reaction were discussed in the form of psychological needs and social identity.
SeyedReza Naghibulsadat; Fatemeh Oudlajani
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the content and evaluation of the Twitter of the Iranian and US Foreign Ministers aimed at identifying the "media diplomacy structure of Iranian and American politicians on Twitter."Social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have played a key role ...
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the content and evaluation of the Twitter of the Iranian and US Foreign Ministers aimed at identifying the "media diplomacy structure of Iranian and American politicians on Twitter."Social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have played a key role in the political arena, complicating political relationships and gaining more prominence in media diplomacy. .In order to answer the research questions and achieve the desired goals, content analysis method with two categories and evaluation techniques was used. The statistical population of this study is the total number of tweets of Iranian and US Foreign Ministers on Twitter in 2016-2019. The unit of analysis in this study is the Twitter posts (tweets) of the Iranian and US foreign ministers.The results show that the media diplomacy of the two countries has different aspects. Through its media diplomacy, Iran has been trying to emphasize its commitment to international commitments such as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), and on the other hand points to the non-fulfillment of US commitments.US media diplomacy is also against Iran. The United States is trying to portray Iran as one of the main proponents of terrorism and to make all of Iran's actions destabilizing the Middle East. It can be said that the United States is trying to represent Iran as a state sponsored by terrorism and destabilizing the Middle East through the efforts of its foreign ministers on Twitter.
ali ghasemijahan; Shahnaz Hashemi; Ali Geranmayeh pour
Abstract
Nowadays, media has been described as a potentially powerful tool that can affect the control of political, economic, cultural, and social problems in human societies. Users’ media selection is the only way of the media’s survival among plenty of media and social networks. This research referred ...
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Nowadays, media has been described as a potentially powerful tool that can affect the control of political, economic, cultural, and social problems in human societies. Users’ media selection is the only way of the media’s survival among plenty of media and social networks. This research referred to most papers about media from 2015 to 2020. Among 300 papers, we evaluated 33 studies suitable for this recent research. Also, the weights and effects of these attributes can be investigated in future researches precisely. These social media contains all kinds of formal and informal media like broadcasting, satellite, TV, radio, etc. So new research has shown informal social software applications such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Telegram, etc that have gotten popular incredibly.
SeyedehZahra Ojagh
Abstract
In 2017, the debate over approving the ban on the import of transgenic crops caused increased public debates on the disadvantages or benefits of agricultural biotechnology in Iran. This increased the importance of studying how media coverage and frame agricultural biotechnology news. In this study, the ...
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In 2017, the debate over approving the ban on the import of transgenic crops caused increased public debates on the disadvantages or benefits of agricultural biotechnology in Iran. This increased the importance of studying how media coverage and frame agricultural biotechnology news. In this study, the news of three top Iranian news agencies over a 13-year period has been analyzed. Entman’s method is used for doing frame analysis. A review of all the biotech news shows that most of them are related to medical biotechnology and only 4.12 percent of the news covers agricultural biotechnology. The number of news on agricultural biotechnology has also increased dramatically between 2015 and 2017. All three news agencies have a non-critical and positive judgment towards this technology and its potential. The four frames identified include “management of agricultural biotechnology”, “effects of agricultural biotechnology”, “seeking support of agricultural biotechnology” and “public understanding of agricultural biotechnology”.
سیف seyf; Aramis seyf; mahdokht borojerdi
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic, by slowing down or stopping social and economic activities, on the one hand, created increasing instability, which created an increasing need for information and news, and, on the other hand, with many activities and interactions in daily life, an unparalleled opportunity for ...
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The coronavirus pandemic, by slowing down or stopping social and economic activities, on the one hand, created increasing instability, which created an increasing need for information and news, and, on the other hand, with many activities and interactions in daily life, an unparalleled opportunity for Provided social and mass media. The production of much of the content on social media by non-professionals has led to the mass production of fake or pseudo-scientific information called "infodemics". The aim of this study was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of official media and social networks in the face of fake news in the Corona crisis, using the tradition of qualitative research, interviewing 10 experts in the field of media and crisis and solutions Has dealt with it. The findings indicate that experts believe that fake news determines the formation of public opinion in the recent crisis. According to them, in order to counter infodemics, it is necessary to strengthen the official media against social media and to attract the participation and cooperation of health professionals in the production of media content. The experts also suggested solutions to counter fake news in four areas: media, government, academia and education.
Masoomeh Latifi; Nosrat Riahinia; Yahya Ghaedy; Mahmoud Babaie
Abstract
Today, virtual social networks as a platform for the transmission of cultural messages play an important role in shaping cultural identity; The present study aims to investigate the factors affecting the cultural identity of Iranian students of virtual social networks. The research population is 385 ...
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Today, virtual social networks as a platform for the transmission of cultural messages play an important role in shaping cultural identity; The present study aims to investigate the factors affecting the cultural identity of Iranian students of virtual social networks. The research population is 385 students with high social networking (Facebook, Instagram and Telegram) students selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collection tool is a researcher made questionnaire. Based on the findings, there is a significant relationship between the independent variables of presence and interaction, the type of network, the motivations for using the network, and the motivations of intercultural adaptation of students with the dependent variable of cultural identity. The results of path analysis indicate that the motivation to use the network with 0.71 of the path coefficient the most factor and the type of social network with 0.14 of the path coefficient has the least impact on cultural identity; according to the final model fitted in the components of cultural identity, According to the final model fitted in the components of cultural identity, the social system with 0.74 of the path coefficient relative to the language with 0.44 of the path coefficient has the most impact from independent variables. Based on the results, it is necessary to determine the needs and motivations of students in the field of prior to any policy-making, decision-making and future orientation in the field of social networks by policymakers and custodians Purposeful use of networks and in the field of intercultural adaptation.
Sayed Javad Sharif Shaykh al-Islami; Farhad Nazarizadeh; Ahmad gaeini
Abstract
One of the most important issues for policymakers in the field of media is the future of the media. If policymakers and decision-makers in this field do not gain knowledge about the future, they can not have a preconceived notion about the issues and currents assigned to them, so they will always face ...
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One of the most important issues for policymakers in the field of media is the future of the media. If policymakers and decision-makers in this field do not gain knowledge about the future, they can not have a preconceived notion about the issues and currents assigned to them, so they will always face critical situations that make decisions at this time very costly. Be. Social media has a great impact on creating discourse and changing the lifestyle and beliefs of society. Therefore, studying the future, especially social media in the field of cyberspace is very important. In this study, we have tried to study the future trends of social networks and in this direction, using 32 sources selected from 2018 onwards, we have counted the drivers and macro trends and determined the most effective drivers using the opinion of the elites. We do. To do this, we have used two methods of expert panel of Mick Mac software and AHP method using Expert Choice software, the results of both methods show the importance of technological and economic changes. Of all the drivers, technology was identified as the most effective driver in future changes in social networks.
ali nourijani; hosein eslami; sayed alireza afshani; hassan dehghan dehnavi
Abstract
IntroductionThe present-day governance environment in the global arena has been impacted by social networks and the unique aspects of the era of the network society, leading to fundamental changes. These changes have transformed the governance environment "in", "on", and "through" social networks and ...
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IntroductionThe present-day governance environment in the global arena has been impacted by social networks and the unique aspects of the era of the network society, leading to fundamental changes. These changes have transformed the governance environment "in", "on", and "through" social networks and made them an obvious and inevitable part of the picture. Therefore, this article aims to provide an effective and viable model for playing an authoritative role in the future of cyber operations at the international level. This will enable participants to take part in shaping the global cyber landscape. The objective of creating a desirable model for digital governance in the network society era has been outlined. By observing relevant documents and conducting library studies, methods used by other countries in this area have been obtained for the expansion and development of domestic and international governance. The two approaches of "open governance" and "control governance" have been examined and discussed, including the effects of adopting each approach and how they may impact international relations.The results of the current study demonstrate that though some might believe that open governance is the predominant approach in international arenas, a combination of both open and control governance based on the system of societal issues has a significant impact on cyber governance practices. Consequently, the ideal model of digital governance is a flexible authoritarian approach based on the system of issues that nations should adopt in both domestic and international arenas.The concepts of "digital governance" and "networked society" are two fundamental areas that constitute the new ecosystem and can be examined from multiple perspectives. The theory of network society, coined by Manuel Castells, presents a macro-level view of the characteristics of the current era, emerging as a new theory after the information society. The aforementioned theory can offer insights into the new age's characteristics.According to Castells, the transition to the network society is characterized by the polarization of international economic structures and societies, the transformation of work and employment, the evolution of media and audiences, the change of the material foundations of culture (the space of flows and timeless time), and the breakdown of the societal fabric. It is notable that the logic of the digital governance and network society areas are distinct, leading to contrasting identities. Ultimately, these identities exist on opposite ends of the spectrum, emphasizing the diverse nature of the network society.Furthermore, digital governance, as a significant aspect impacting global developments, has emerged as an all-encompassing framework for reforms within various governance domains. The digitization process will facilitate seamless cooperation between the public and private sectors, paving the way for effective digital governance, particularly through the reforming of public sector bills.Additionally, several experts assert that governments need to become more efficient and productive, engage in closer collaboration with stakeholders from diverse sectors, and leverage data to inform decision-making through the creation of evidence-based policies. Governments must also enhance transparency and accountability and respond to the evolving relationship between government and citizens by enhancing citizen participation through the implementation of public services or other measures. These concepts have led to the development of digital governance. However, the advancement of public sector improvements within Iran has been comparatively sluggish.The widespread usage of information and communication technologies in day-to-day life, as well as the increasing penetration of these technologies among households in the last few decades, have resulted in a significant amount of information generated about individuals, groups, and societies. In order to enhance their governance indicators, governments have no choice but to access, process, and make use of this information while managing and governing their communities. Consequently, the purpose of the current research is to review governance in the digital age and the research approach is descriptive-analytical. The findings showed that governments, in order to fulfill the changing needs and desires of their citizens, are compelled to make use of information technology to conduct reforms within the public sector and thus bring about radical changes in the way they deliver public services. Digital governance, with its tremendous power, plays an instrumental role in curtailing administrative paperwork, streamlining operations, restructuring governmental institutions, reducing the cost of governance, making governance more adaptable to changes, reducing bureaucratic corruption, enhancing public participation, increasing transparency within the government body, reducing decentralization, fortifying democratic foundations, reforming administrative and governmental bureaucracy, enhancing governance accountability, increasing efficiency and productivity, improving the quality of information and data accessibility, saving time, and enhancing the effectiveness of governance processes.The penetration and expansion of information and communication technology in all areas of human life has led to a change in the ways of communication between people and the society, the methods and procedures that the society contributes to each person in doing their work. Due to these changes, the current age is called the age of information and communication, as a result of which human communities have become scientific communities and citizens have become users of social networks. Today, the vital role of the government and government agencies in the development of the country and the well-being of citizens is obvious.The digital age has prompted many thinkers to propose various indicators of digital governance, which draw from theories and assumptions aiming to serve as the cornerstone of an efficient and user-centered system. Some experts have described e-government as the second revolution after modern government and public administration, affecting not only the methods of public service delivery but also the fundamental relationships between the government and the people. The transformation of the times also necessitates decentralizing operations, hiring subject-matter experts, outsourcing tasks to the private sector, and transforming local authorities into designers and supervisors. In addition, safeguarding the environment, strengthening the culture of citizenship, supporting various public spheres, and encouraging the private sector to reduce government ownership are some of the policies and requirements outlined in the sixth development plan. It is indispensable to carry out information acquisition, licensing, payments, and administrative and operational processes electronically, avoiding in-person procedures (Abdul Hosseinzadeh, 2019, p. 187).The Information Technology Governance Institute defines governance as "a set of responsibilities and activities carried out by the board of directors or senior managers in order to realize strategic direction, ensure the achievement of anticipated goals, manage the organization's risks, and allocate and control resources." Effective governance involves defining structures and mechanisms to ensure effective performance of responsibilities and duties, and it can lead to greater transparency and accountability in organizational functioning.In the field of digital governance, the definition of the concept is derived from the higher-level concept of governance. It can be defined as structures and mechanisms adopted by organizations in the field of digital transformation to optimize their resources and capabilities in terms of digital strategies, processes, and systems. The ultimate goal of effective digital governance is to maximize the positive impact of digital technologies on an organization's operations and service delivery, while minimizing the negative impacts (Bonet and Westerman, 2014).
parvin javanbakht; Reza Esmaeili; Fazeh Taghipour
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: Elections are one of arenas where people express their opinions and desires and indirectly intervene in the public policy-making process. During the elections, candidates, groups, and political parties try to compete with each other based on different political principles to gain ...
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Abstract
Objectives: Elections are one of arenas where people express their opinions and desires and indirectly intervene in the public policy-making process. During the elections, candidates, groups, and political parties try to compete with each other based on different political principles to gain power and, if elected, implement their desired policy. In the past, advertising in political arenas was mostly done through speeches in circles, tracts, urban advertisements, making documentary films, and advertisements in media such as television and to some extent short messages, and its influence on the electoral behavior of the people was moderate, because only those active in the political fields tended to attend these circles and participate in the speeches of election candidates. In fact, these advertising methods were more traditional and created huge costs for the candidates and their sponsors. However, with the introduction of social networks, the form and effectiveness of advertisements changed both in terms of content and in terms of how they were transmitted to citizens, and more people, especially the younger generation of society, who were involved in social networks, were informed about their views, and its effectiveness was many times higher. Other media were and are now considered to be one of the most important tools for increasing the accuracy and efficiency of advertisements, which can be effective in strengthening people's voting. In fact, social networks are a tool under the control of candidates who intend to attract the attention and trust of citizens by expressing their ideas and programs to gain political seats. This advertising includes various methods that the type of utilization of them, as well as the initiative in using new methods, can facilitate the process of selecting candidates to a great extent. In fact, the behavior of candidates and electoral strategies have created a wide tendency to choose social networks as a persuasive priority for citizens, so that they can get more votes. Social networks are the current view of society, culture, politics, economy, and science. By carefully examining the relationships of people and other social entities in social networks in various fields, we will know the characteristics of the target society. It is a short story that turned into a discussion of social networks. In our country, despite the high importance of the issue of social networks and the increasing use of social networks by people, the researches that have been done in the field of political behaviorism are less focused on the persuasive methods used in social networks, which are one of the main elements in the field of communication, and on the other hand, the effect of these persuasive methods of social networks on people's voting behavior, which is one of the main elements in the field of political behavior and sociology, has been studied. Based on this, in this article, a structural-interpretive analysis of persuasive methods used in social networks and their effect on voters' behavior has been done.
Methods: This study was done with a qualitative approach, the research approach of this study is inductive-deductive in terms of data collection logic. For this purpose, it should be briefly stated, first by examining the theoretical and theoretical foundations of the research based on the synthesis of the results of the reviewed researches, the criteria related to common persuasive methods in social networks were identified based on the Delphi analysis, according to the two criteria, the average and the agreement coefficient. They are confirmed or deleted and finally, through structural-interpretive analysis, the identified layers are prioritized in the form of a pattern and explained from the point of view of the level of penetration and influence. In this research, 15 specialists from the fields of media, communication, and social sciences were selected through homogenous sampling and participated in two parts: overview and structural-interpretive analysis.
Results: Based on the analysis, it was determined that the most effective and influential method of persuasion adopted by election candidates, stimulating collective emotions and creating enthusiasm is established as two indicators of the instrumental function of persuasion. In fact, election candidates and their supporting groups try to influence collective and group emotions by producing content on social networks and increasing enthusiasm among them. At the least effective level, there is a massive showing of the competitors' weaknesses, which can also be said, this type of advertising behavior conveys the most negative aspect of influence to the people, because it makes the capabilities and realistic slogans of the candidate in question. Negative advertising against the competitor will be lost and will reduce the motivation of the followers
Conclusions: In fact, election candidates and their supporting groups try to influence collective and group emotions by producing content on social networks and increasing excitement among them. This issue greatly affects the increase of people's support, because such messages target the audience's perceptual bias and cause wider advertisements, both on social networks and in the minds of the audience. Messages are produced with the aim of mobilizing emotions and inciting them in social networks, causing stronger support groups to come into action. The messages that are published in social networks with the aim of informing about the candidate's future policies and plans, are aimed at creating more understanding about the goals and plans of the person in question, and the more these policies and strategies are based on facts, the more the audience will be affected.
hadi khaniki; ali ahmadi
Abstract
Crises are an integral part of social life and their number and diversity are increasing day by day. Social media plays an important role in crisis management due to its extensive capabilities in attracting audiences and the ability to shape public opinion. The present study aimed to investigate the ...
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Crises are an integral part of social life and their number and diversity are increasing day by day. Social media plays an important role in crisis management due to its extensive capabilities in attracting audiences and the ability to shape public opinion. The present study aimed to investigate the reflection of Covid 19 on social networks by analyzing the content published in Iranian telegram channels about the prevalence of corona. For this purpose, using quantitative and qualitative methods, the messages published in this regard in the period of March 2020 to September 2020 have been analyzed. The findings show that with the decrease in the intensity of Covid-19 related content dissemination, people's sensitivity and attention to the application of restrictions during the period under review has decreased. Also based on the content analysis of telegram posts, "The situation of corona outbreaks, reopening of schools, holding entrance exams, Muharram ceremonies, economy , medical staff, government actions and scientific materials related to Covid-19 " as the main topics The attention of Iranian telegram channels was obtained during the research period.
Mohammad Faraji; Seyyed Jafar Moosavi; Farshad Emami
Abstract
The purpose was to design an optimal model for personal branding of professional athletes on Instagram and its role on sports migration. The method was mixed and the qualitative information was obtained from library experts through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts. 4 factors and 52 indicators ...
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The purpose was to design an optimal model for personal branding of professional athletes on Instagram and its role on sports migration. The method was mixed and the qualitative information was obtained from library experts through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts. 4 factors and 52 indicators were identified and questionnaire was developed. The statistical population included professional athletes active on Instagram and a total of 520 samples were considered. PLS2 was used to model the structural equations. The results of confirmatory factor analysis were obtained after three stages of correction, four factors: functional with 7, personal with 12, social with 13 and ethical with 8 indicators, a total of 40. The internal reliability, item reliability, convergent and divergent validity and path coefficients as well as the R2 of the model were fitted and confirmed. The goodness of fit index was calculated to be 0.48 and was appropriate. The results showed that the personal brand of athletes has an effect on sports migration (B= 0.44 and T = 17.11). The effect of social factors equal to 0.185 and personal equal to 0.384 and were significant at the level of P <0.01, but functional and moral had no significant effect. The value of R2 showed that the four factors of athletes' personal brand explain about 48% of the causes of sports migration. Finally, despite the various factors that cause migration, the migration of athletes is part of the global sports process, and the media facilitates this process by disseminating information quickly.
saeeid zokaei; Ali Khanmohammadi; Samira Nouri
Abstract
The creation of the corona accelerated the "medical dominance" of public opinion by creating a "state of exception". Five hundred videos, photos and text produced by ordinary users of the Instagram network in the days of the pandemic have been reviewed. Relying on semiotics of all these contents, the ...
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The creation of the corona accelerated the "medical dominance" of public opinion by creating a "state of exception". Five hundred videos, photos and text produced by ordinary users of the Instagram network in the days of the pandemic have been reviewed. Relying on semiotics of all these contents, the codes of "forefront, support lines and traitors against Corona" have been obtained. These codes have the signals and meanings of the upper and subaltern. The signs of the "defenders of health", the "martyr of health", the "readiness of the warriors" and the "sacrifice of the medical staff" provide an "epic, sacred and upper" account of the medical staff, especially the female medical staff. The "home front", "people, Organizational and institutions’ struggles" provide a "hopeful, empathetic, supportive and upper narrative" of the fight against disease. But in contrast to the signs of lack of support from the medical staff and the pressure on the medical staff, it presents a "tragic, sad and subaltern" narrative of the days of the epidemic. In this epidemic, medicine dominated of everyday life by health guidelines (such as the identification of vulnerable groups and self-quarantine) and of citizens' memory by the "sacralisation" of medical staff. "Inattentive people" and "Nowruz travelers" are considered enemies and "evil". Popular memory holds "people" more responsible than "government" and "health care system" for the spread of disease. This projection is the result of bio-power and the memory politics that have hidden the roots of the power of medical power-knowledge in Iran.
saeed saghei; aliasghr kia; reza saberii
Abstract
The literary works of prominent writers who represent the inherent relations of the society can be taken as important reports and narratives that provide the society’s intellectual matter and analysis of these works can pave the way toward the understanding of the fundamental components of the ...
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The literary works of prominent writers who represent the inherent relations of the society can be taken as important reports and narratives that provide the society’s intellectual matter and analysis of these works can pave the way toward the understanding of the fundamental components of the society such as social status and gender. In some of his well-known stories including Boof-e Koor (the Blind Owl), Alaviyeh Khanoom, Seh Ghatreh Khoon (Three Blood Drops), Aroosak-e Posht-e Pardeh (the Doll behind the Curtain), and Zani ke Mardash ra Gom Kard (A Woman who Lost her Husband), Hedayat addresses the issue of women and gender in the society. The present study performs a qualitative content analysis of Zani ke Mardash ra Gom Kard to explore the social status of the female gender and how it is affected by human communications. The results suggest that, by highlighting the role of human communications in the formation of women’s social status, Hedayat has provided a detailed description of their problems which is still valid in our society. According to Hedayat, unless the society solves these problems, the women will be silently victimized by their tragic presence in the society. Finally, we shall illustrate our findings more tangibly through tables and graphs.
babak nourollahzadeh khiavi; tagi Akbari
Abstract
Media literacy is a set of learnable skills that refers to the ability to access, analyze, critique and create a variety of media messages and is an essential skill in today's world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of critical media literacy based on the model of Elizabeth Tamen ...
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Media literacy is a set of learnable skills that refers to the ability to access, analyze, critique and create a variety of media messages and is an essential skill in today's world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of critical media literacy based on the model of Elizabeth Tamen . This research is applied in terms of purpose and research and analytical in terms of research method. The statistical population of the study consists of all employees of Ardabil city offices in 1400, the volume of which according to the statistics of the Management and Planning Organization of the province and the statistical yearbook of 1399 is equal to 10,000 people. To determine the sample size using Morgan table, 285 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and data collection method was performed using Tamen standard questionnaire (1995). The results of research and data analysis using SPSS26 software show that there is no significant relationship between demographic variables (gender, marital status, income, age, level of education) with the level of critical media literacy. Also, the results of inferential findings showed that the level of critical media literacy, taking into account the variables of consumption regime, recognizing the characteristics of the message and criticizing the message among the respondents to the questionnaire is greater than 05% (1.000) and the average media literacy In the statistical population of the present study is less than desirable.
bahram nikbakhsh
Abstract
In the current research, citizens' understanding of the desirability of "online news media" and "social media" on preventive measures by the citizens of Khuzestan province has been investigated. Because, the dissemination of false information during the epidemic of the Covid-19 ...
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In the current research, citizens' understanding of the desirability of "online news media" and "social media" on preventive measures by the citizens of Khuzestan province has been investigated. Because, the dissemination of false information during the epidemic of the Covid-19 disease, as a prominent social concern, and the lack of dissemination of correct information, is one of the main concerns and aggravates the confusion in the society. In this regard, it is very important to understand the desirability of citizens from mass media in providing reliable information and creating motivation for more participation of people in complying with preventive measures announced by the government. In this context, the role of trust between citizens and the government was examined and paid attention to from the perspective of social capital. Based on this, the current research investigated the desirability of citizens' perception of "online news media" and "social media" during the Covid-19 pandemic and answered the following research questions;
1) Does the perceived usefulness of the media help to increase trust between citizens and the government?
2) Does trust in the citizens and the government contribute to preventive measures against the disease of Kovid-19?
3) Is the perceived usefulness of "online news media" and "social media" different among citizens?
The data used in this research was collected in the form of a survey from the citizens of Khuzestan province in 1401. Therefore, the sampling process of the research was such that the data related to the statistical population of people over 20 years old living in Khuzestan province was considered, which showed their perceived desirability of online news media and social media from the perspective of social capital. The analysis unit of this research was conducted in a comparative manner and among the citizens of 20 years and older at the individual level, and the necessary information was collected in this regard. Also, the research was conducted with 384 people in 6 cities with more than 100,000 people in Khuzestan province (Ahvaz, Abadan, Dezful, Mahshahr, Dasht Azadegan and Andimshek), to measure the variables using the Georgian and Morgan sampling method and the pure and final observations of the research, with Entering data related to these variables was analyzed. The current research has evaluated structural equations based on spss24 and pls-smart3 software.
Using SPSS-PLS SMART3 software, research hypotheses were analyzed in the form of structural equations. In this regard, it can be said that the path analysis showed the indirect effects of the online news network on preventive measures equal to -438.49. It should be noted that this indirect relationship was due to the variables of trust in citizens (2.907) and trust in the government (26.582). Also, the indirect effect of social media on preventive action was equal to 45.27, and this indirect relationship was due to the variables of trust in citizens (-1.842) and trust in the government (-30.835). In the second step, these two variables have directly influenced preventive measures (values 3.657 and 26.582, respectively). Therefore, it can be said that the concept of social capital has played an important role in building trust between citizens and statesmen to understand the usefulness of the media for the dissemination of preventive information about the covid-19 disease. "Online news media" indirectly affects the "preventive measures" of the Covid-19 disease, and the first hypothesis is confirmed. Also, "online news media" have a positive and significant effect on "citizen trust", so hypotheses 3-1 and 3-2 are also confirmed. In addition, "online news media" has a positive effect on "trust in the government", so hypothesis 2-3 is confirmed, but hypothesis 2-4 is not confirmed. The variables "trust in citizens" and "online news media" have a positive and significant effect on "preventive measures" from the disease of Covid-19, therefore, the fifth hypothesis is confirmed. But the sixth hypothesis about "trust in the government" and its effect on "preventive measures" is not confirmed. In addition, since "social media" does not have a significant effect on "trust in citizens" and "trust in the government", it turns out that "social media" has an effect on "preventive actions" through "trust in citizens". " do not have any direct effect, but "online news media" indirectly affect the preventive measures of the Covid-19 disease through "citizen's trust" and "government's trust
Reza Saberi
Abstract
Statement of problem
The present study aimed to investigate how news related to the first wave of coronavirus outbreak in Iran was reflected on two websites, "IRIB" and "BBC Persian". Since December 2019, the terms "corona" and "COVID-19" have become among the ...
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Statement of problem
The present study aimed to investigate how news related to the first wave of coronavirus outbreak in Iran was reflected on two websites, "IRIB" and "BBC Persian". Since December 2019, the terms "corona" and "COVID-19" have become among the most commonly used news concepts in traditional and modern media worldwide to represent a human event or crisis that was first observed in hospitals and clinics in Wuhan, China. The website is considered a modern media that content exchange or publication is only possible with the help of digital processing tools.
The concept of "news" in this study included all news, reports, interviews, notes, and expert analysis published on the "first wave of coronavirus outbreak in Iran" on the BBC Persian and IRIB news websites. The first wave of coronavirus in Iran began on February 20, 2020, and ended on June 6, 2020. This study used a quantitative content analysis method to code the content of the messages on the studied websites in 17 variables and 62 sub-variables. The statistical population included 1,015 units of analysis, and by using the Cochran formula, 278 news, reports, interviews, or analyses were selected as samples, and the data was collected using a multi-stage (quota and systematic random) sampling method.
The theoretical framework of this research is based on the principle that news coverage in media and websites can be explained based on the theory of social responsibility. However, media policy is influenced by internal and external factors at national and international levels, which affect the content of media and guide their news values and mission towards specific directions. Therefore, theories such as framing theory, agenda-setting theory, and gatekeeping theory can better differentiate media in terms of their presentation and quality of news content.
Research findings
The findings of the study indicate that the coverage of COVID-19 news in Iran is largely influenced by news values of "conflict", "magnitude", "comprehensiveness" and "celebrity", while values such as "exceptionality", "novelty" and "proximity" had little impact on the news. The representation of the crisis on the studied websites was characterized by distinct features. Some of these include:
• In the first wave of COVID-19, two-thirds (69.1%) of the news on the COVID-19 situation on the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) website were based on their own news agency, indicating the "exclusive" nature of their news source. By contrast, BBC Persian published about half (48.2%) of their news based on an unknown source.
• Approximately 94% of the images used on the IRIB website had no news direction, while BBC Persian adopted a negative direction in their images (about 41%) as part of a desirable strategy to attract audiences and present an undesirable image of the COVID-19 situation in Iran.
• In the first wave of COVID-19 in Iran, providing accurate statistics on the number of COVID-19 cases accounted for around 19% of the content on the IRIB website, compared to 5.75% on the BBC Persian website, indicating less attention to accuracy in the representation of events on the IRIB website.
• The BBC Persian website identifies the origin of the virus as a natural cause and its source as China (which has good relations with Iran), while the IRIB website considers the virus to be an "unnatural" disease (man-made) and attributes its origin to the United States.
• COVID-19 news on the IRIB website mainly indicates good management of the COVID-19 virus in Iran, with 87% of their news referring to it. In contrast, BBC Persian presents a very different perspective, with 98% of their news portraying the COVID-19 situation as undesirable and criticizing the poor management of the situation in Iran.
Conclusion
Based on the theoretical framework of the study, the findings indicate that although the COVID-19 virus as a pervasive human disease with multiple and important news values has attracted the attention of news websites to reflect its various dimensions, the commitment of each news website to a particular framing has resulted in the spirit of the framework being reflected in the produced content of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) website as a media outlet in favor of the current situation, choosing an "optimistic" approach, while BBC Persian as a media outlet opposed to the current situation, reproduces a "concerned" approach in COVID-19 news events.
Keywords: COVID-19, news, IRIB website, BBC Persian website, quantitative content analysis.
Bahman Rabeie nia; Hussein Harsij
Abstract
The universalization of the use of virtual social networks has caused important changes in lifestyles, habits and social relationships and the relationship between people and governments. Social movements, as one of the methods of conveying demands and communication between people and the government, ...
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The universalization of the use of virtual social networks has caused important changes in lifestyles, habits and social relationships and the relationship between people and governments. Social movements, as one of the methods of conveying demands and communication between people and the government, are strongly affected by these changes. In the last two decades, the mobilization function of social networks has shown a new face of social movements all over the world. The aim of the current research is to explain this effect in the social movements of Iran between 2018 and 2018. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and collected information using library sources, documents and secondary data. The findings of the research show that the use of social networks has played an effective and central role in facilitating the mobilization of resources for social movements. The major incidents investigated in the mentioned time period show that regardless of the reasons for the existence of social movements, with the control or lack of access to social networks, bringing the supporters of the movement to the stage is hindered, and with the passage of time, these protest movements suffer erosion and weakness.
sadegh hamedinasab; Masoumeh Azizi; Rezvan Mohammadi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the content of student-teacher learning in social networks and their perception of the validity of the content shared in these networks. The method of this research was qualitative and phenomenological. The study population was all student teachers in the ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the content of student-teacher learning in social networks and their perception of the validity of the content shared in these networks. The method of this research was qualitative and phenomenological. The study population was all student teachers in the field of primary education of Farhangian University of Birjand who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 students (7 males and 8 females) using purposive sampling method until the theoretical saturation of the data and the obtained data were analyzed by content analysis method. For data reliability, the method of agreement between coders and for the validity of the findings, the method of review by experts was used. Findings showed that the content of student-teacher learning in social networks includes university-related content (discipline-based, skill-based and English language), school (teaching method, classroom management and elementary course content) and general information (news, medical information and technological information). ) Is. Also, student teachers do not have a positive view of the content shared on social networks, and in their view, the content on social networks is disproportionate, unreliable and incomplete. Based on this, it is suggested that Farhangian University provide credible, categorized and appropriate content for each field of study in social networks to help the development of student-teacher professions and their positive attitude towards the content of these networks.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the content of student-teacher learning in social networks and their perception of the validity of the content shared in these networks. The method of this research was qualitative and phenomenological. The study population was all student teachers in the field of primary education of Farhangian University of Birjand who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 students (7 males and 8 females) using purposive sampling method until the theoretical saturation of the data and the obtained data were analyzed by content analysis method. For data reliability, the method of agreement between coders and for the validity of the findings, the method of review by experts was used. Findings showed that the content of student-teacher learning in social networks includes university-related content (discipline-based, skill-based and English language), school (teaching method, classroom management and elementary course content) and general information (news, medical information and technological information). ) Is. Also, student teachers do not have a positive view of the content shared on social networks, and in their view, the content on social networks is disproportionate, unreliable and incomplete. Based on this, it is suggested that Farhangian University provide credible, categorized and appropriate content for each field of study in social networks to help the development of student-teacher professions and their positive attitude towards the content of these networks.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the content of student-teacher learning in social networks and their perception of the validity of the content shared in these networks. The method of this research was qualitative and phenomenological. The study population was all student teachers in the field of primary education of Farhangian University of Birjand who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 students (7 males and 8 females) using purposive sampling method until the theoretical saturation of the data and the obtained data were analyzed by content analysis method. For data reliability, the method of agreement between coders and for the validity of the findings, the method of review by experts was used. Findings showed that the content of student-teacher learning in social networks includes university-related content (discipline-based, skill-based and English language), school (teaching method, classroom management and elementary course content) and general information (news, medical information and technological information). ) Is. Also, student teachers do not have a positive view of the content shared on social networks, and in their view, the content on social networks is disproportionate, unreliable and incomplete. Based on this, it is suggested that Farhangian University provide credible, categorized and appropriate content for each field of study in social networks to help the development of student-teacher professions and their positive attitude towards the content of these networks.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the content of student-teacher learning in social networks and their perception of the validity of the content shared in these networks. The method of this research was qualitative and phenomenological. The study population was all student teachers in the field of primary education of Farhangian University of Birjand who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 students (7 males and 8 females) using purposive sampling method until the theoretical saturation of the data and the obtained data were analyzed by content analysis method. For data reliability, the method of agreement between coders and for the validity of the findings, the method of review by experts was used. Findings showed that the content of student-teacher learning in social networks includes university-related content (discipline-based, skill-based and English language), school (teaching method, classroom management and elementary course content) and general information (news, medical information and technological information). ) Is. Also, student teachers do not have a positive view of the content shared on social networks, and in their view, the content on social networks is disproportionate, unreliable and incomplete. Based on this, it is suggested that Farhangian University provide credible, categorized and appropriate content for each field of study in social networks to help the development of student-teacher professions and their positive attitude towards the content of these networks.
